The concept of 4D printing of phase change materials is gaining attention in the potential development of self-healing materials for tissue engineering and manufacturing applications, but there has been limited utilization of the technology in agriculture/farm-based applications. The temperature-responsiveness, magneto-responsiveness, pH-responsiveness, and osmotic pressure-responsiveness of shape-memory materials have potential applications in green/compostable plastics for agricultural applications such as food packaging and mulching films, shade nets, and greenhouse polymer covers. The application of 4D printing in augmenting the biodegradability, environmental, economic, and production benefits of polymers in agriculture is the main focus of this review. So far,; little scholarly and industry attention have been directed to agricultural applications even though shape memory polymers are ideal for such applications compared to existing materials due to smart/intelligent behavior, optimized performance through fiber/nanomaterial reinforcement and multilayered composites. The practical constraints relate to the newness of the 4D printing process, customized synthetic routes for application-specific materials. The constraints can be resolved using novel and customized processes such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereo-lithography and ink-jet printing, which are facile, scalable and affordable 4D printing techniques, that are highly effective compared to powder bed printing, and other droplet-based printing technologies, and photo-polymerization methods. FDM has led to the generation of PLA and other polymers with self-deformation and controllable shape memory effects. Future applications should overcome constraints linked to machine workload limitations and 3D/4D printing constraints.

相变材料的 4D 打印概念在用于组织工程和制造应用的自愈材料的潜在发展中受到关注，但该技术在农业/农场应用中的应用有限。形状记忆材料的温度响应性、磁响应性、pH 响应性和渗透压响应性在绿色/可堆肥塑料中具有潜在应用，可用于农业应用，例如食品包装和地膜、遮阳网和温室聚合物覆盖物。4D 打印在提高聚合物在农业中的生物降解性、环境、经济和生产效益方面的应用是本综述的主要焦点。迄今为止，; 尽管与现有材料相比，形状记忆聚合物由于智能/智能行为、通过纤维/纳米材料增强和多层复合材料的优化性能而成为此类应用的理想选择，但学术界和工业界很少关注农业应用。实际限制与 4D 打印工艺的新颖性、针对特定应用材料的定制合成路线有关。可以使用新颖和定制的工艺解决这些限制，例如熔融沉积建模 (FDM) 和立体光刻和喷墨打印，这些是简便、可扩展且价格合理的 4D 打印技术，与粉末床打印相比非常有效，并且其他基于液滴的打印技术和光聚合方法。FDM 导致了 PLA 和其他具有自变形和可控形状记忆效应的聚合物的产生。未来的应用应克服与机器工作量限制和 3D/4D 打印限制相关的限制。