Background

Associations between early traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and respiratory and allergic morbidity in adolescents are inconsistent. However, sub-groups might be more vulnerable to the health effects of this exposure.

Objectives

We investigated associations between early exposure to TRAP and respiratory and allergic morbidity at age 13 years in the PARIS birth cohort, and potential modifying effects of sex, parental allergy, stressful family event and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).

Methods

This study deals with data from 732 children of the PARIS birth cohort followed up using repeated questionnaires until 13 years of age. Prenatal TRAP exposure was assessed by measuring daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at the nearest station to mother's home. Early postnatal TRAP exposure was calculated for each child during the first year of life by a nitrogen oxides (NO_x) air dispersion model taking into account both residence and daycare. Associations between TRAP exposures and asthma, rhinitis and related symptoms were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Effect modification was explored by testing multiplicative interactions.

Results

An increase in interquartile range (17.0 μg/m³) of early postnatal NO_x exposure was positively related to current asthma (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 1.21; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.02, 1.43), severe wheeze (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) and persistent asthma at 13 years old (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55) and tended to be associated with asthma ever. Parental history of allergy, asthma, early stressful family event and LRTI modified these associations with TRAP exposure. No relationship with rhinitis was found. Prenatal TRAP exposure did not show any association with respiratory and allergic morbidity.

Discussion

This study is one of the first to show several modifiers of the association between early postnatal TRAP exposure and asthma at adolescence. Not all adolescents seem equally affected by early postnatal TRAP exposure: those presenting parental history of allergy, especially asthma, those with early stressful family event or LRTI appear to be more vulnerable.

中文翻译：

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青少年出生后早期暴露于交通相关的空气污染和哮喘：巴黎出生队列中的脆弱性因素

背景

早期交通相关空气污染 (TRAP) 暴露与青少年呼吸道和过敏发病率之间的关联不一致。然而，亚组可能更容易受到这种暴露的健康影响。

目标

我们调查了 PARIS 出生队列中 13 岁时早期接触 TRAP 与呼吸道和过敏发病率之间的关联，以及性别、父母过敏、压力家庭事件和下呼吸道感染 (LRTI) 的潜在影响。

方法

本研究涉及使用重复问卷进行随访直至 13 岁的 PARIS 出生队列的 732 名儿童的数据。通过在离母亲家最近的站点测量二氧化氮的每日浓度来评估产前 TRAP 暴露。通过氮氧化物 (NO _x ) 空气扩散模型计算每个孩子出生后第一年的早期 TRAP 暴露量，同时考虑住所和日托。使用针对潜在混杂因素调整的多变量逻辑回归模型评估 TRAP 暴露与哮喘、鼻炎和相关症状之间的关联。通过测试乘法相互作用来探索效果修改。

结果

在四分位范围的增加（17.0微克/米³产后早期NO的）_X曝光呈正相关电流哮喘（校正比值比aOR为= 1.21; 95％置信区间CI：1.02，1.43），严重喘息（AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) 和 13 岁时的持续性哮喘 (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55) 并且往往与哮喘有关。父母的过敏史、哮喘、早期压力家庭事件和 LRTI 改变了这些与 TRAP 暴露的关联。没有发现与鼻炎的关系。产前 TRAP 暴露与呼吸道和过敏发病率没有任何关联。

讨论

这项研究是最早显示出生后早期 TRAP 暴露与青春期哮喘之间关联的几种调节因素的研究之一。并非所有的青少年似乎都受到出生后早期 TRAP 暴露的同等影响：那些父母有过敏史的人，尤其是哮喘，那些有早期压力家庭事件或 LRTI 的人似乎更容易受到伤害。