ABSTRACT

The growing demand for food, water, and shelter change the way people use land. These changes have affected or even caused conflict in several locations. However, conflicts do not erupt in isolation; they are the result of multiple interacting causes. There is limited structural understanding of these causes. In this study, we systematically coded case studies that report on conflict related to land-use change, including deforestation in commodity frontiers, agricultural development on common land, and urban development. Based on an analysis of 62 cases, we identified population growth, overlapping land rights, ethnic fragmentation, and economic inequality as the most frequently reported root causes, while rises in land prices was the most often reported proximate cause. Reported institutional causes suggest that the problem is not necessarily the complete absence of governance mechanisms, but rather that governance mechanisms are not fully equipped to deal with the complexities of the observed land-use changes.

摘要

对食物、水和住所日益增长的需求改变了人们使用土地的方式。这些变化已经影响甚至在几个地方引起了冲突。然而，冲突并不是孤立爆发的；它们是多种相互作用的原因的结果。对这些原因的结构性理解有限。在这项研究中，我们系统地编写了案例研究，这些案例研究报告了与土地利用变化相关的冲突，包括商品前沿的森林砍伐、公共土地上的农业发展和城市发展。基于对 62 个案例的分析，我们确定人口增长、土地权利重叠、种族分裂和经济不平等是最常报告的根本原因，而土地价格上涨是最常报告的近因。