In this study, geochemical data processing and statistical/geostatistical techniques were coupled to achieve Water Framework Directive goals, collecting useful information from a complex database. Considering the Greater Turin metropolitan area, located in North-Western Italy, chemical data of 135 wells sampled and collected from 2000 to 2018 by the Environmental Protection Agency of Piedmont were analyzed. Both the processes that determine the groundwater chemical composition and the origin and evolution of groundwater were decoded and understood. The presence of two different components in the foothill aquifer system investigated was found. A bicarbonate alkaline earthy type component, linked with different degrees to phenomena of water-rock interaction, and a chlorinated type component related to nitrates, whose effects related to human activities can be recognized. This last component was mapped by using geostatistical techniques to define the most critical zones of the study area. Time series analysis on chlorides and nitrates displayed the presence of statistically significant increasing trends in some areas of the Turin plain. This study shows that the combining of geochemical approach, geostatistical techniques, and time series analysis can be used as reliable tools to understand geochemical processes acting on the system, to identify temporal and spatial hydrochemical variability, as well as to forecast water quality evolution. In this perspective, the multi-disciplinary approach developed in this study represents a reliable methodology for extracting useful information from a complex database and achieving the Water Framework Directive goals.

在这项研究中，地球化学数据处理和统计/地质统计技术相结合，以实现水框架指令的目标，从复杂的数据库中收集有用的信息。考虑到位于意大​​利西北部的大都灵大都市区，对皮埃蒙特环境保护局从 2000 年到 2018 年采样和收集的 135 口井的化学数据进行了分析。确定地下水化学成分的过程和地下水的起源和演化都被解码和理解。发现在调查的山麓含水层系统中存在两种不同的成分。一种碳酸氢盐碱土型成分，与水-岩相互作用现象有不同程度的联系，以及一种与硝酸盐有关的氯化型成分，其与人类活动有关的影响是可以识别的。最后一部分是通过使用地质统计技术绘制的，以定义研究区域的最关键区域。对氯化物和硝酸盐的时间序列分析显示，都灵平原的某些地区存在统计学上显着的增加趋势。本研究表明，地球化学方法、地质统计学技术和时间序列分析相结合，可作为了解作用于系统的地球化学过程、识别水化学时空变异以及预测水质演变的可靠工具。从这个角度来看，本研究中开发的多学科方法代表了一种从复杂数据库中提取有用信息并实现水框架指令目标的可靠方法。