Joint performance can lead to the synchronization of physiological processes among group members during a shared task. Recently, it has been shown that synchronization is indicative of subjective ratings of group processes and task performance. However, different methods have been used to quantify synchronization, and little is known about the effects of the choice of method and level of analysis (individuals, dyads, or triads) on the results. In this study, participants performed a decision-making task in groups of three while physiological signals (heart rate and electrodermal activity), positive affective behavior, and personality traits were measured. First, we investigated the effects of different levels of analysis of physiological synchrony on affective behavior. We computed synchrony measures as (a) individual contributions to group synchrony, (b) the average dyadic synchrony within a group, and (c) group-level synchrony. Second, we assessed the association between physiological synchrony and positive affective behavior. Third, we investigated the moderating effects of trait anxiety and social phobia on behavior. We discovered that the effects of physiological synchrony on positive affective behavior were particularly strong at the group level but nonsignificant at the individual and dyadic levels. Moreover, we found that heart rate and electrodermal synchronization showed opposite effects on group members' display of affective behavior. Finally, trait anxiety moderated the relationship between physiological synchrony and affective behavior, perhaps due to social uncertainty, while social phobia did not have a moderating effect. We discuss these results regarding the role of different physiological signals and task demands during joint action.

中文翻译：

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群体层面的生理同步和个体层面的焦虑预测群体决策任务中的积极情感行为

联合表现可以导致在共享任务期间组成员之间的生理过程同步。最近，已经表明同步表明了对组进程和任务绩效的主观评价。然而，已经使用了不同的方法来量化同步，并且对于方法选择和分析水平（个体、二元组或三元组）对结果的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，参与者以三人一组的形式执行决策任务，同时测量生理信号（心率和皮肤电活动）、积极的情感行为和人格特征。首先，我们研究了不同层次的生理同步分析对情感行为的影响。我们将同步度量计算为（a）个人对组同步的贡献，（b）组内的平均二元同步，以及（c）组级同步。其次，我们评估了生理同步与积极情感行为之间的关联。第三，我们调查了特质焦虑和社交恐惧症对行为的调节作用。我们发现生理同步对积极情感行为的影响在群体水平上特别强，但在个人和二元水平上并不显着。此外，我们发现心率和皮肤电同步对小组成员的情感行为表现出相反的影响。最后，特质焦虑调节了生理同步性和情感行为之间的关系，可能是由于社会不确定性，而社交恐惧症没有调节作用。我们讨论了这些关于不同生理信号和任务需求在联合行动中的作用的结果。