The paper aimed to assess possible gaps in labour market integration or refugees compared with other migrants, including irregular migrants in the Italian region of Lombardy in 2001–2014. Despite the Italian labour market's remarkable capacity to integrate foreign workers, our findings support the results of studies carried out in other contexts on a ‘refugee gap’ in labour market integration. Our research shows that refugees have more considerable difficulties integrating into the labour market than other migrants and notably compared with their co-nationals, including those undocumented that may be in refugee-like situations. Refugees show higher unemployment levels, irregular employment and a higher incidence of very low monthly work-related incomes compared with other regular migrants. At the same time, they show higher levels of unemployment compared with irregular migrants.

中文翻译：

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比无证还差？评估 2001-2014 年难民在伦巴第（意大利）劳动力市场的融入情况

该论文旨在评估与其他移民（包括 2001-2014 年意大利伦巴第地区的非正规移民）相比，劳动力市场一体化或难民可能存在的差距。尽管意大利劳动力市场在整合外国工人方面具有显着的能力，但我们的研究结果支持在其他背景下对劳动力市场一体化中的“难民差距”进行的研究结果。我们的研究表明，与其他移民相比，难民在融入劳动力市场时面临更大的困难，尤其是与他们的同胞相比，包括那些可能处于类似难民境地的无证移民。与其他正常移民相比，难民的失业率更高、就业不正常，以及与工作相关的月收入极低的发生率更高。同时，