We calibrate the calving parameterisation implemented in the Open Global Glacier Model via two methods (velocity constraint and surface mass balance (SMB) constraint) and assess the impact of accounting for frontal ablation on the ice volume estimate of Greenland tidewater peripheral glaciers (PGs). We estimate an average regional frontal ablation flux of 7.38±3.45 Gta−1 after calibrating the model with two different satellite velocity products, and of 0.69±0.49 Gta−1 if the model is constrained using frontal ablation fluxes derived from independent modelled SMB averaged over an equilibrium reference period (1961–90). This second method makes the assumption that most PGs during that time have an equilibrium between mass gain via SMB and mass loss via frontal ablation. This assumption serves as a basis to assess the order of magnitude of dynamic mass loss of glaciers when compared to the SMB imbalance. The differences between results from both methods indicate how strong the dynamic imbalance might have been for PGs during that reference period. Including frontal ablation increases the estimated regional ice volume of PGs, from 14.47 to 14.64±0.12 mm sea level equivalent when using the SMB method and to 15.84±0.32 mm sea level equivalent when using the velocity method.

中文翻译：

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校准适用于格陵兰周边崩解冰川的正面消融参数化

我们通过两种方法（速度约束和表面质量平衡（SMB）约束）校准开放全球冰川模型中实施的产犊参数化，并评估考虑正面消融对格陵兰潮水外围冰川（PG）冰量估计的影响。我们估计平均区域正面消融通量为 7.38±3.45 Gta-1用两种不同的卫星速度产品校准模型后，0.69±0.49 Gta-1如果模型使用来自独立建模 SMB 的正面消融通量进行约束，该通量在平衡参考期间（1961-90 年）平均。第二种方法假设在此期间大多数 PG 在通过 SMB 的质量增加和通过正面消融的质量损失之间达到平衡。与 SMB 不平衡相比，这一假设可作为评估冰川动态质量损失数量级的基础。两种方法的结果之间的差异表明，在该参考期间，PG 的动态不平衡可能有多严重。包括锋面消融增加了 PG 的估计区域冰量，使用 SMB 方法时从 14.47 到 14.64±0.12 毫米海平面当量，使用速度方法时增加到 15.84±0.32 毫米海平面当量。