To get a better overview of atmosphere-driven mass changes at the 79N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier), the largest outlet glacier of the northeast Greenland ice stream, the surface mass balance (SMB) is modeled by linking the COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass-balance model in PYthon (COSIPY) with the output of a regional atmospheric model (Polar WRF) for the years 2014–2018. After a manual model optimization, the model produces reliable results when compared to observations in the region and to values from the literature. High spatial resolution (1 km) simulations reveal strong interannual variability of the SMB. Stronger surface melting increased the ablation and runoff in years with high mass loss (2016 and 2017) whereas in other years (2015 and 2018) melting and refreezing inside the snowpack dominated the mass balance (MB). A cooler regional climate with higher snowfall-driven accumulation, higher albedo and reduced surface melt in the ablation period of 2018 resulted in a positive SMB in 2018, however, the annual total MB remained negative. The results suggest a promising new dataset for gaining more insights into mass-balance processes and their contribution to the acceleration of glacier retreat in northeast Greenland.

中文翻译：

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通过连接 COSIPY 和 Polar WRF 建模的 79N 冰川（Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden，NE Greenland）的表面质量平衡和能量平衡

为了更好地了解 79N 冰川 (Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier)（格陵兰岛冰流东北部最大的出口冰川）的大气驱动质量变化，通过将耦合积雪和冰表面能量和PYthon 中的质量平衡模型（COSIPY）与 2014-2018 年区域大气模型（Polar WRF）的输出。经过手动模型优化后，与该地区的观察结果和文献中的值相比，该模型产生了可靠的结果。高空间分辨率（1 公里）模拟揭示了 SMB 的强烈年际变化。在质量损失较大的年份（2016 年和 2017 年），更强的地表融化增加了消融和径流，而在其他年份（2015 年和 2018 年），积雪内部的融化和重新冻结主导了质量平衡 (MB)。2018 年消融期间，区域气候凉爽，降雪驱动积累较高，反照率较高，地表融化减少，导致 2018 年 SMB 为正，但年度总 MB 仍为负。结果表明，一个有前途的新数据集可以更深入地了解质量平衡过程及其对加速格陵兰岛东北部冰川退缩的贡献。