This study primarily explored the potential effects of high-frequency (20 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with different intervention protocols on cognition and neuronal excitability in mice. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group that received sham stimulation, an rTMS in vitro group whose acute brain slices received high-frequency stimulation, an rTMS 1 d group that received high-frequency stimulation for only 1 d, and an rTMS 15 d group that received high-frequency stimulation for 15 d. The novel object recognition and step-down tests were used to assess cognitive ability. The patch-clamp technique was used to record the membrane potentials and neural discharges of dentate gyrus granule cells to evaluate neuronal excitability. Results revealed that cognition and neuronal excitability in the rTMS 15 d group were significantly increased than that in the control and rTMS 1 d groups. The neuronal excitability in the rTMS in vitro group was also significantly increased than that in the control and rTMS 1 d groups. No significant changes were observed between the control and rTMS 1 d groups. These results suggested that high-frequency rTMS applied to the acute brain slices of mice in vitro exerted an immediate effect on increasing neuronal excitability. Chronic high-frequency rTMS applied to the brain of mice in vivo exerted a cumulative effect in improving cognition and increasing neuronal excitability.

本研究主要探讨高频 (20 Hz) 重复经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 与不同干预方案对小鼠认知和神经元兴奋性的潜在影响。小鼠被随机分为 4 组：接受假刺激的对照组，体外rTMS急性脑切片接受高频刺激组，rTMS 1 d组仅接受高频刺激1 d，rTMS 15 d组接受高频刺激15 d。新颖的物体识别和逐步下降测试用于评估认知能力。膜片钳技术用于记录齿状回颗粒细胞的膜电位和神经放电，以评估神经元兴奋性。结果显示，rTMS 15 d组的认知和神经元兴奋性明显高于对照组和rTMS 1 d组。体外rTMS中的神经元兴奋性组也明显高于对照组和rTMS 1 d组。在对照组和 rTMS 1 d 组之间没有观察到显着变化。这些结果表明，应用于体外小鼠急性脑切片的高频 rTMS对增加神经元兴奋性产生直接影响。在体内应用于小鼠大脑的慢性高频 rTMS在改善认知和增加神经元兴奋性方面发挥了累积作用。