ABSTRACT

The possibilities for building in wood have gradually increased in recent decades mainly due to environmental benefits. But there are still restrictions in terms of fire regulations in many countries, especially for taller buildings. The situation has therefore been mapped in about 40 countries on four continents as an update to a survey in 2002. The main issues are how high buildings with load-bearing wooden frames may be built and how much visible wood may be used both inside and outside on facades. The restrictions apply primarily to prescriptive fire design according to simplified design with detailed rules, which are mainly used for residential buildings and offices. For more complicated constructions e.g. public buildings, shopping centers, arenas and assembly halls, performance based design can be used by fire safety engineering design using, e.g. methods for evacuation and smoke filling, which increases the possibilities of using wood in buildings. The possibilities to use wood in buildings increase if sprinklers are installed, which is highlighted. Major differences between countries have been identified, both in terms of the number of storeys permitted in wood structures, and of the amounts of visible wood surfaces in interior and exterior applications. Several countries have no specific regulations, or do not limit the number of storeys in wooden buildings. The conclusion is that the differences are still large and that many countries have not yet started to use larger wood constructions despite supplies of forest resources, but harmonizing activities on performance based principles are ongoing worldwide.

摘要

近几十年来，木材建筑的可能性逐渐增加，主要是由于环境效益。但许多国家的消防法规仍然存在限制，特别是对于较高的建筑。因此，作为对 2002 年调查的更新，对四大洲约 40 个国家的情况进行了地图绘制。主要问题是可以建造多高的承重木框架建筑物，以及可以在内部和外部使用多少可见木材在外墙上。这些限制主要适用于根据简化设计和详细规则的规定性防火设计，主要用于住宅建筑和办公室。对于更复杂的建筑，例如公共建筑、购物中心、竞技场和礼堂，基于性能的设计可用于消防安全工程设计，例如疏散和烟雾填充方法，这增加了在建筑物中使用木材的可能性。如果安装了洒水装置，那么在建筑物中使用木材的可能性就会增加，这一点被突出显示。已经确定了国家之间的主要差异，无论是在木结构允许的层数方面，还是在内部和外部应用中可见木材表面的数量方面。一些国家没有具体的规定，或者不限制木制建筑的层数。结论是差异仍然很大，尽管有森林资源供应，许多国家尚未开始使用更大的木结构建筑，但全球范围内正在开展基于绩效原则的协调活动。