We studied the dynamic performance of a photovoltaic thermal system with a complete contact between water and PV module at zero reduced temperature (as defined by ASHRAE standard 93–2010). The system gives suitable electric-thermal performances and can be used in district heating and electric power generation systems. All experiments were done in Semnan city (northern part of Iran). The main part of the system involves a mono-crystal photovoltaic module (used also as the heat absorbing plate) attached to a simple water box. Water is used as the coolant fluid with complete contact with the PV module and causes lower temperatures at the module surface. In most cases, the thermal efficiency increases with time while the collector’s heat loss decreases. The maximum and daily averaged reported thermal efficiencies of the PV/T system are 58% and 49%, respectively. The minimum electrical efficiency occurs at noon when the maximum solar radiation occurs, at the same time, it has the highest electrical power output of PV/T system and photovoltaic module. At noon, the electrical efficiencies of the proposed system are 15 to 21.5% more than the conventional photovoltaic modules. The maximum increment of 21.5% is obtained for the water flow of 0.0161 kg/s.

我们研究了在零降低温度（由 ASHRAE 标准 93-2010 定义）下水和光伏组件完全接触的光伏热系统的动态性能。该系统具有合适的电热性能，可用于区域供热和发电系统。所有实验均在塞姆南市（伊朗北部）进行。该系统的主要部分包括一个单晶光伏模块（也用作吸热板），连接到一个简单的水箱。水用作冷却液，与 PV 模块完全接触并导致模块表面温度较低。在大多数情况下，热效率随时间增加而集热器的热损失减少。PV/T 系统的最大和每日平均报告热效率分别为 58% 和 49%，分别。当太阳辐射最大时，电效率最低，同时光伏/T系统和光伏组件的电功率输出最高。中午时，拟议系统的电效率比传统光伏组件高 15% 至 21.5%。对于 0.0161 kg/s 的水流量，获得了 21.5% 的最大增量。