Background

The contribution of work to positive mental health is increasingly apparent. Transition into the workplace causes a range of stressors for new graduate nurses who experience both psychological wellbeing and illbeing in their first year of practice.

Objective

To determine published prevalence, predictors, barriers and enablers of new graduate registered nurse wellbeing, work wellbeing and mental health.

Design

Systematic review of quantitative research.

Data sources

Databases included Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Psychological Information. Quantitative and mixed-methods studies were considered for inclusion if published in English from 2009 to 2019 reporting primary data analysis including new graduate nurses’ wellbeing, work wellbeing and mental health.

Review methods

Quantitative studies were systematically identified then screened and appraised against pre-determined inclusion criteria. Analysis was conducted by grouping according to analytical methods and results reported as a narrative synthesis.

Results

Thirty-four studies were included. The quality of the evidence was variable with just a quarter of the studies being assessed as meeting the quality criteria on all nine measures. For the new graduate nurses prevalence of wellbeing, levels of resilience, optimism, and hope were found to be high. For work wellbeing, most reported higher job satisfaction by 12-months. For work illbeing, levels of burnout were moderately high, predominantly in terms of emotional exhaustion, and stress was initially high, particularly in terms of workload, but decreased over time. For the predictors, job satisfaction was positively predicted by structural empowerment and career satisfaction, and negatively predicted by co-worker incivility, supervisor incivility and emotional exhaustion. For work illbeing, stress was a positive predictor for intent to leave. Stress reductions were associated with momentary levels of high task mastery, social acceptance and role clarity.

Conclusions

For new graduate nurses, levels of emotional exhaustion, workload and stress were moderately high to high initially, decreasing over time as the graduate nurses’ job satisfaction increased. Most studies focused on the nurses’ intent to resign or stay and both psychological capital and work engagement positively predicted intent to stay whereas work stress positively predicted intent to resign. Resilience and group cohesion moderated the negative effects of some variables, thus may be potential enablers of work wellbeing. The standards of research reporting or design were generally sub-optimal according to quality indicators.

Systematic review registration number: (CRD42020148812)

中文翻译：

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新毕业生护士福利、工作福利和心理健康：定量系统评价

背景

工作对积极心理健康的贡献越来越明显。过渡到工作场所会给新毕业的护士带来一系列压力，他们在实习的第一年就经历了心理健康和不适。

目标

确定已公布的新毕业生注册护士福祉、工作福祉和心理健康的流行率、预测因素、障碍和促成因素。

设计

定量研究的系统回顾。

数据来源

数据库包括护理和相关健康文献累积索引、医学摘录数据库、医学文献分析和检索系统在线和心理信息。如果 2009 年至 2019 年以英文发表的定量和混合方法研究报告了主要数据分析，包括新毕业护士的幸福感、工作幸福感和心理健康，则被考虑纳入。

复习方法

系统地确定定量研究，然后根据预先确定的纳入标准进行筛选和评估。分析是根据分析方法分组进行的，结果报告为叙述性综合。

结果

纳入了 34 项研究。证据质量参差不齐，只有四分之一的研究被评估为符合所有九项措施的质量标准。对于新毕业护士患病福利的，被发现的韧性，乐观和希望的水平要高。对于工作幸福感，大多数人报告说工作满意度提高了 12 个月。对于工作不适，倦怠程度中等偏高，主要表现在情绪耗竭方面，而压力最初很高，尤其是在工作量方面，但随着时间的推移而降低。对于预测变量，结构授权和职业满意度对工作满意度有积极的预测，而同事的不文明、主管的不文明和情绪耗竭则对工作满意度进行了负面预测。对于工作不适，压力是离职意向的积极预测因素。压力减少与高任务掌握度、社会接受度和角色清晰度的瞬时水平有关。

结论

对于新毕业的护士来说，情绪耗竭、工作量和压力的水平最初从中等偏高到高，随着毕业护士工作满意度的提高，随着时间的推移而降低。大多数研究集中在护士辞职或留下的意图上，心理资本和工作投入都积极预测了留下的意图，而工作压力则积极地预测了辞职的意图。韧性和团队凝聚力缓和了一些变量的负面影响，因此可能是工作幸福感的潜在推动因素。根据质量指标，研究报告或设计的标准通常是次优的。

系统审评注册号：（CRD42020148812）