Urolithiasis is considered a vital public health issue with a substantial burden on kidney function. Additionally, only few reports focused on the gender difference in patients with urolithiasis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of sex difference and their potential risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with urolithiasis. Patients diagnosed with stone disease from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups by gender. Clinical demographic characteristics, stone location, stone composition, urine chemistries, and renal function were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship and potential risk of CKD between sex groups. A total of 1802 patients were included: 1312 from men and 490 from women. Female patients had a higher rate of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Male patients predominantly had calcium-containing stones, especially calcium oxalate stone, uric acid stone, and struvite stone. Carbonate apatite stone was more frequently found in women. Complex surgeries such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) were more frequently performed in women than that in men. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age > 60 years (odds ratios [ORs] = 6.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8–10.8), female sex (ORs = 5.31; 95% CI 3.3–8.4), uric acid stone (ORs = 3.55; 95% CI 2.0–6.4), hypertension (OR = 7.20; 95% CI 3.8–13.7), and diabetes (OR = 7.06; 95% CI 3.1–16.2) were independent predictors of poor prognoses in CKD. The female gender is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of CKD among patients with urolithiasis. Therefore, women with stone disease may need close renal function monitoring during follow-up.

中文翻译：

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尿石症患者性别差异的回顾性研究：谁更容易患慢性肾病？

尿石症被认为是一个重要的公共卫生问题，对肾功能造成重大负担。此外，只有少数报告关注尿石症患者的性别差异。因此，本研究旨在比较尿石症患者性别差异的临床特征及其发生慢性肾脏病（CKD）的潜在风险。回顾性分析2013-2018年诊断为结石病的患者，按性别分为两组。研究了临床人口学特征、结石位置、结石成分、尿液化学成分和肾功能。使用单变量和多变量分析来评估性别组之间 CKD 的关系和潜在风险。总共包括 1802 名患者：1312 名男性和 490 名女性。女性患者的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常率较高。男性患者以含钙结石为主，尤其是草酸钙结石、尿酸结石和鸟粪石。碳酸盐磷灰石更常见于女性。女性比男性更频繁地进行复杂手术，如经皮肾镜取石术 (PCNL) 和输尿管镜碎石术 (URSL)。多变量分析证实年龄 > 60 岁（优势比 [ORs] = 6.36；95% 置信区间 [CI]，3.8–10.8）、女性（ORs = 5.31；95% CI 3.3–8.4）、尿酸结石（ORs = 3.55；95% CI 2.0–6.4）、高血压（OR = 7.20；95% CI 3.8–13.7）和糖尿病（OR = 7.06；95% CI 3.1–16.2）是 CKD 预后不良的独立预测因素。女性与尿石症患者中较高的 CKD 患病率显着相关。因此，患有结石病的女性在随访期间可能需要密切监测肾功能。