Forest management faces growing uncertainty concerning environmental conditions and demand for ecosystem services. To help forest managers consider uncertainty, we applied a robust and multi-criteria approach to select the optimal composition of a forest enterprise from 12 stand types. In our simulation, the forest enterprise strives for either financial return or a multi-criteria forest management considering financial return, carbon storage and forest ecosystem stability. To quantify the influence of climate change on these decision criteria, we used the concept of analogous climate zones. Our results provide recommendations for long-term strategies for tree species selection in a Southeast German forest enterprise. The results show that considering both uncertainty and multifunctionality in forest management led to more diversified forest compositions. However, robust and multi-criteria optimisation required the forest enterprise to pay a premium in terms of lower income. Financial returns decreased when forest composition accounted for uncertainty or multiple objectives. We also found that adaptation measures could only partly financially compensate the effects of climate change. As the study is limited to two tree species, including additional tree species, variants of mixing proportions and further silvicultural strategies in the optimisation appears a promising avenue for future research.

森林管理在环境条件和生态系统服务需求方面面临越来越大的不确定性。为了帮助森林管理者考虑不确定性，我们采用了稳健的多标准方法从 12 种林分类型中选择了森林企业的最佳组成。在我们的模拟中，考虑到财务回报、碳储存和森林生态系统稳定性，森林企业争取财务回报或多标准森林管理。为了量化气候变化对这些决策标准的影响，我们使用了类似气候区的概念。我们的结果为德国东南部林业企业的树种选择的长期战略提供了建议。结果表明，在森林管理中同时考虑不确定性和多功能性导致森林组成更加多样化。然而，稳健的多标准优化要求林业企业在收入较低的情况下支付溢价。当森林构成考虑到不确定性或多个目标时，财务回报会下降。我们还发现，适应措施只能在经济上部分补偿气候变化的影响。由于研究仅限于两种树种，包括额外的树种，混合比例的变体和优化中的进一步造林策略似乎是未来研究的一个有希望的途径。当森林构成考虑到不确定性或多个目标时，财务回报会下降。我们还发现，适应措施只能在经济上部分补偿气候变化的影响。由于研究仅限于两种树种，包括额外的树种，混合比例的变体和优化中的进一步造林策略似乎是未来研究的一个有希望的途径。当森林构成考虑到不确定性或多个目标时，财务回报会下降。我们还发现，适应措施只能在经济上部分补偿气候变化的影响。由于研究仅限于两种树种，包括额外的树种，混合比例的变体和优化中的进一步造林策略似乎是未来研究的一个有希望的途径。