Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome which may occur in a wide variety of medical, neurological, and psychiatric conditions. In pediatrics, this condition is rare and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not correctly diagnosed and treated. Catatonia in obsessive–compulsive disorder is an infrequent association that has been understudied and underdiagnosed. To add to the knowledge on this unusual clinical presentation, two pediatric patients are reported and discussed together with the other two cases described in the literature. These four cases in total of catatonia associated with OCD confirm that it is a relationship that is infrequently reported, possibly because of lack of awareness in clinicians that catatonia can also be caused by OCD, and because the similarity between some catatonic signs and some compulsive phenomena may compound the identification of the former. Most cases of catatonia in this small series seemed to have responded to the optimization of the treatment for OCD. This highlights the clinical importance of an accurate diagnosis of catatonia when associated with OCD.

紧张症是一种精神运动综合征，可能发生在多种医学、神经和精神疾病中。在儿科中，这种情况很少见，如果没有正确诊断和治疗，会导致高发病率和死亡率。强迫症中的紧张症是一种罕见的关联，一直未被充分研究和诊断。为了增加对这种不寻常临床表现的了解，报告了两名儿科患者，并与文献中描述的其他两例病例一起进行了讨论。这四例与强迫症相关的紧张症证实了这是一种很少报道的关系，可能是因为临床医生缺乏对紧张症也可能由强迫症引起的认识，并且因为某些紧张症迹象和某些强迫现象之间的相似性可能会加剧对前者的识别。这个小系列中的大多数紧张症病例似乎都对 OCD 治疗的优化做出了反应。这突出了准确诊断与强迫症相关的紧张症的临床重要性。