Purpose

The paper aims to examine interactions between demonstrations at programme level and Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS). It situates analysis of the demonstration programme activities within contemporary advisory contexts, asking: how do demonstration programmes interact with the AAS in which they are situated; and what role do demonstration programmes play in enhancing and contributing to the AAS?

Methodological approach

Data, pertaining to organisational arrangements, were collected using interviews and workshops representing 35 demonstration programmes across Europe. Themes from the literature together with emergent themes were used to progressively unpack and understand the interaction between the programmes and the AAS.

Findings

Demonstration organisational arrangements show different degrees of embedding in, and adapting to, the AAS. Embedding is being incorporated into existing formalised structures and is more likely in the AAS with a low level of pluralism. Adaptation occurs through collaboration, partnership and networking and is more likely in more pluralistic AAS.

Practical Implications

The need to support demonstration programmes to create more stable networks, to strengthen their linking role in the AAS, and to foster strategies for the progression of farmers’ learning was identified.

Theoretical implications

The paper contributes to the literature by providing insights at the demonstration programme level (as opposed to farm or event level) and revealing embedded and adaptive processes with many interdependencies between the programmes and AAS components.

Originality

This paper opens up new perspectives on understanding how demonstrations are positioned in contemporary AAS contexts, looking at AAS influences on delivering demonstrations beyond farm and event level methods.

中文翻译：

---

在当代农业咨询背景下定位示范：欧洲示范项目分析

目的

该论文旨在研究计划层面的示范与农业咨询服务 (AAS) 之间的相互作用。它将示范项目活动的分析置于当代咨询环境中，询问：示范项目如何与它们所在的 AAS 相互作用；示范项目在增强和促进 AAS 方面发挥什么作用？

方法论

与组织安排有关的数据是通过代表欧洲 35 个示范项目的访谈和研讨会收集的。文献中的主题与新兴主题一起被用来逐步解开和理解程序与 AAS 之间的交互。

发现

示范组织安排显示了不同程度的嵌入和适应 AAS。嵌入正在被纳入现有的形式化结构中，并且更有可能出现在多元化程度较低的 AAS 中。适应通过协作、伙伴关系和网络发生，并且更有可能发生在更加多元化的 AAS 中。

实际影响

确定需要支持示范计划以创建更稳定的网络，加强其在 AAS 中的联系作用，并制定促进农民学习进步的战略。

理论意义

该论文通过提供示范项目级别（而不是农场或事件级别）的见解并揭示在项目和 AAS 组件之间具有许多相互依赖性的嵌入式和自适应过程，为文献做出了贡献。

独创性

本文开辟了理解演示如何在当代 AAS 环境中定位的新视角，研究 AAS 对提供农场和事件级方法以外的演示的影响。