In everyday life, we remember together often. Surprisingly, research reliably shows costs of collaboration. People remember less in groups than the same number of individuals remember separately. However, there is evidence that some groups are more successful than others, depending on factors such as group relationship and verbal communication strategies. To understand further the characteristics of more successful vs. less successful collaborative groups, we examined whether non-verbal eye gaze behaviour was associated with group outcomes. We used eye tracking glasses to measure how much collaborating dyads looked at each other during collaborative recall, and examined whether individual differences in eye- and face-directed gaze were associated with collaborative performance. Increased eye- and face-directed gaze was associated with higher collaborative recall performance, more explicit strategy use, more post-collaborative benefits, and increased memory overlap. However, it was also associated with pre-collaborative recall, indicating that gaze during collaboration may at least partially reflect pre-existing abilities. This research helps elucidate individual differences that underlie the outcomes of collaborative recall, and suggests that non-verbal communication differentiates more vs. less successful collaborative groups.

在日常生活中，我们经常在一起回忆。令人惊讶的是，研究可靠地显示了协作的成本。人们在群体中的记忆比相同数量的个体分别记忆的要少。然而，有证据表明，某些群体比其他群体更成功，这取决于群体关系和口头交流策略等因素。为了进一步了解更成功与不太成功的协作小组的特征，我们检查了非语言注视行为是否与小组结果相关。我们使用眼动追踪眼镜来测量在协作回忆期间有多少协作的双人互相看着对方，并检查眼睛和面部定向注视的个体差异是否与协作表现相关。眼睛和面部定向注视的增加与更高的协作回忆性能、更明确的策略使用、更多的协作后收益和增加的记忆重叠相关。然而，它也与协作前的回忆有关，表明协作期间的凝视可能至少部分反映了预先存在的能力。这项研究有助于阐明构成协作回忆结果的个体差异，并表明非语言交流可以区分更多成功与不太成功的协作群体。