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Subtropical Mode Water in a recent persisting Kuroshio large-meander period: part I—formation and advection over the entire distribution region
Journal of Oceanography ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s10872-021-00608-3
Eitarou Oka , Hatsumi Nishikawa , Shusaku Sugimoto , Bo Qiu , Niklas Schneider

Since August 2017, the Kuroshio has taken a large-meander (LM) path, which has forced the Kuroshio extension (KE) to be in its stable state against its wind-forced decadal variability. How such current conditions have impacted the formation and advection of North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) over its distribution region was examined using Argo float data during 2005–2020. Out of the whole STMW defined as a low-potential vorticity layer of 16–19.5 ºC, a relatively cold variety of 16–18 ºC, which was formed south of the KE and advected westward and southward, occupied more than 80% of the total volume. The formation rate of the 16–18 ºC variety was low during 2006–2009 in an unstable-KE period and high during 2010–2015 in a stable-KE period, and then dropped drastically in 2016 despite the KE still being in the stable state. After a short unstable-KE period in 2016–2017, the LM-forced, stable-KE period began, but the formation rate of the 16–18 ºC variety has not restored, possibly due to stronger background stratification propagated from the central North Pacific. In addition, the 16–18 ºC variety has had to make a southern detour around the LM, and its westward advection from the formation region south of the KE to the region south of Japan has been significantly decreased, possibly because it is dissipated more strongly over a southern part of the Izu–Ogasawara Ridge. Due to such decline in the formation and advection, the volume of the 16–18 ºC variety and hence that of the whole STMW have gradually decreased since 2016.



中文翻译:

近期持续存在的黑潮大曲流期的亚热带模式水:第一部分——整个分布区的形成和平流

自 2017 年 8 月以来,黑潮走大曲折(LM)路径,迫使黑潮延伸(KE)处于稳定状态,以抵抗其风力十年变化。使用 2005 年至 2020 年期间的 Argo 浮标数据检查了此类当前条件如何影响北太平洋副热带模式水 (STMW) 在其分布区域内的形成和平流。在被定义为16-19.5 ºC低位涡层的整个STMW中,16-18 ºC的相对寒冷变种,形成于KE以南,向西和向南平流,占总量的80%以上体积。16-18 ºC品种的形成率在2006-2009年处于不稳定KE阶段较低,在2010-2015年处于稳定KE阶段较高,尽管KE仍处于稳定状态,但在2016年急剧下降. 在经历了 2016-2017 年短暂的不稳定 KE 期后,LM 强迫的稳定 KE 期开始了,但 16-18 ºC 品种的形成率没有恢复,可能是由于从北太平洋中部传播的更强的背景分层. 此外,16-18 ºC变种不得不绕LM向南绕道而行,其从KE以南地层到日本以南地区的西向平流显着减少,可能是因为它的消散更强烈了。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?在伊豆-小笠原海脊的南部。由于形成和平流的这种下降,自2016年以来,16-18 ºC品种的体积以及整个STMW的体积逐渐减少。可能是由于从北太平洋中部传播的更强的背景分层。此外,16-18 ºC变种不得不绕LM向南绕道而行,其从KE以南地层到日本以南地区的西向平流显着减少,可能是因为它的消散更强烈了。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?在伊豆-小笠原海脊的南部。由于形成和平流的这种下降,自2016年以来,16-18 ºC品种的体积以及整个STMW的体积逐渐减少。可能是由于从北太平洋中部传播的更强的背景分层。此外,16-18 ºC变种不得不绕LM向南绕行,其从KE以南地层到日本以南地区的西向平流显着减少,可能是因为它的消散更强烈在伊豆-小笠原海脊的南部。由于形成和平流的这种下降,自2016年以来,16-18 ºC品种的体积以及整个STMW的体积逐渐减少。可能是因为它在伊豆-小笠原海脊的南部地区消散得更强烈。由于形成和平流的这种下降,自2016年以来,16-18 ºC品种的体积以及整个STMW的体积逐渐减少。可能是因为它在伊豆-小笠原海脊的南部地区消散得更强烈。由于形成和平流的这种下降,自2016年以来,16-18 ºC品种的体积以及整个STMW的体积逐渐减少。

更新日期:2021-06-07
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