Polymeric nanomaterials are deemed to unlock the potential of therapeutics and improve their efficiency, to allow future advances in nanomedicine. Among these, sugar-based nanocapsules made of synthetic or natural carbohydrate-based macromolecular chains have raised significant interest in bio-applications. This review highlights physical or/and chemical techniques to construct both water- and oil-filled sugar-based nanocapsules. These include soft matter processes, such as (double) emulsification, coacervation or layer-by layer fabrication as well as more recently developed processes such as Polymerization Induced Self Assembly (PISA) or template core removal. Properties and bio-applications of glyconanocapsules (GNCs) are summarized and open challenges as well as opportunities for the future development of this field are being discussed.

聚合物纳米材料被认为可以释放治疗的潜力并提高其效率，从而推动纳米医学的未来发展。其中，由合成或天然碳水化合物基大分子链制成的糖基纳米胶囊引起了生物应用的极大兴趣。这篇综述重点介绍了构建充水和充油的糖基纳米胶囊的物理或/和化学技术。这些包括软物质工艺，如（双）乳化、凝聚或逐层制造，以及最近开发的工艺，如聚合诱导自组装 (PISA) 或模板核去除。总结了糖基纳米胶囊 (GNC) 的特性和生物应用，并讨论了该领域未来发展面临的挑战和机遇。