Despite its location in the “Arid Diagonal” of South America, the Valle de Iglesia contains a number of artesian springs, the most important of which are the Baños Pismanta thermal springs, which release water at ~ 45 °C. Despite the scarcity of water resources in the Valle de Iglesia, there have been few attempts to study these springs in any detail. In this study, > 50 springs are described, each characterised by small volcano-like mud structures up to 15 m tall. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater system in the Valle de Iglesia were performed to improve our understanding of the subsurface water flow and of the connections between the subsurface water and the associated systems of faults and springs. Site measurements were made, and the concentrations of the main ions and trace elements were also determined by laboratory analysis of water samples. The samples obtained from the spring were rich in Na–HCO₃–SO₄ and Na–SO₄–HCO₃, but the surface water samples from the Agua Negra River were rich in Ca–SO₄–HCO₃. The temperature of the springs was in the range 20–45 °C. Both the temperatures and the ionic ratios are compatible with the presence of a deep hydraulic circulation system. The oxidation of sulphide minerals nearby the magmatic rocks and volcanic edifices causes the mobilisation of arsenic, which accumulates in the groundwater due to the low annual rainfall. The concentrations of arsenic in the spring water samples were therefore higher than the current limit set by the World Health Organisation, meaning that the water is not suitable for human consumption.

尽管位于南美洲的“干旱对角线”，伊格莱西亚山谷包含许多自流泉，其中最重要的是 Baños Pismanta 温泉，其释放水温约为 45 °C。尽管 Valle de Iglesia 水资源稀缺，但很少有人尝试详细研究这些泉水。在这项研究中，描述了 > 50 个泉水，每个泉水都以高达 15 m 的小型火山状泥浆结构为特征。对 Valle de Iglesia 地下水系统进行了水文地质和水化学分析，以提高我们对地下水流以及地下水与相关断层和泉水系统之间联系的理解。进行了现场测量，主要离子和微量元素的浓度也通过水样的实验室分析来确定。从泉水获得的样品富含 Na-HCO₃ -SO ₄和 Na-SO ₄ -HCO ₃，但来自阿瓜内格拉河的地表水样品富含 Ca-SO ₄ -HCO ₃。弹簧的温度在 20-45°C 之间。温度和离子比率都与深度液压循环系统的存在兼容。岩浆岩和火山建筑物附近的硫化物矿物的氧化导致砷的流动，由于年降雨量低，砷在地下水中积聚。因此，泉水样本中的砷浓度高于世界卫生组织设定的当前限值，这意味着该水不适合人类饮用。