This study examined direct and moderated connections among aerobic fitness, objectively measured sedentary to light physical activity (SLPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and executive function (EF) during pre-kindergarten. Children (n = 81) between the ages of 3 and 5 were recruited from 17 classrooms from 7 center-based pre-kindergartens. In the fall (T1) and spring (T2), children were assessed using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) and Day-Night Stroop, and physical activity (PA) was measured at T1 over 4 days during waking hours within each pre-kindergarten. At T1, aerobic fitness significantly moderated the connection between MVPA and the Day-Night Stroop. For children with low aerobic fitness, time in MVPA predicted higher Day-Night scores, with MVPA unrelated to Day-Night scores for children with high aerobic fitness. Results also showed a similar trend level interaction for the HTKS at T1 between aerobic fitness and MVPA. Between T1 and T2, aerobic fitness also significantly moderated the connection between SLPA with change in HTKS scores. For children with high aerobic fitness, time in SLPA predicted positive change in HTKS scores, with SLPA unrelated to change in HTKS scores for children with low aerobic fitness. Findings are discussed in the context of considering not only how PA and aerobic fitness relate to early cognitive development, but also how sedentary to light activity and aerobic fitness could promote and develop EF.

这项研究检查了有氧健身、客观测量的久坐到轻度体育活动 (SLPA)、中度到剧烈体育活动 (MVPA) 和学前班期间的执行功能 (EF) 之间的直接和适度联系。儿童 ( n= 81）从 7 个中心幼儿园的 17 个教室中招募了 3 至 5 岁的学生。在秋季 (T1) 和春季 (T2)，使用头-脚趾-膝-肩 (HTKS) 和 Day-Night Stroop 对儿童进行评估，并在 T1 期间测量了 4 天内清醒时间段内的身体活动 (PA)每个幼儿园。在 T1，有氧健身显着调节了 MVPA 和 Day-Night Stroop 之间的联系。对于有氧健康水平较低的儿童，MVPA 中的时间预测较高的昼夜得分，而对于有氧健康水平较高的儿童，MVPA 与昼夜得分无关。结果还显示有氧健身和 MVPA 在 T1 时的 HTKS 具有类似的趋势水平相互作用。在 T1 和 T2 之间，有氧健身也显着调节了 SLPA 与 HTKS 分数变化之间的联系。对于有氧健康水平高的儿童，SLPA 中的时间预测 HTKS 分数的正变化，而 SLPA 与有氧健康水平低的儿童的 HTKS 分数变化无关。研究结果的讨论不仅要考虑体力活动和有氧健身与早期认知发展的关系，还要考虑久坐不动的轻度活动和有氧健身如何促进和发展 EF。