Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oleaginous potential, howetever, some studies report that there is low genetic diversity in Brazilian genotypes. Estimating genetic diversity are the essential factors to ensure success in the management of genetic resources, planning and adoption of strategies for genetic breeding. The hypothesis of our study is: do Brazilian Jatropha breeding populations have sufficient genetic variability to select individuals within? The objective of this paper is to determine the genetic diversity of 573 genotypes of five populations of Jatropha curcas structured based on the characteristics of yield, resistance to powdery mildew and toxicity, using Single-nucleotide polymorphism molecular markers. The results shows moderate variability among the genotypes analyzed, confirming the initial hypothesis of this study. We recommended using a greater number of individuals per family rather than the number of families in breeding programs in order to exploit the greater variability within populations and hence obtain higher gains with selection.

麻风树（麻风 树L.) 是一种产油潜力，然而，一些研究报告称，巴西基因型的遗传多样性较低。估计遗传多样性是确保成功管理遗传资源、规划和采用遗传育种战略的基本因素。我们研究的假设是：巴西麻风树育种种群是否具有足够的遗传变异性来选择个体？本论文的目的是利用单核苷酸多态性分子标记，根据产量、抗白粉病和毒性等特征构建麻风树5个种群573个基因型的遗传多样性。结果显示所分析的基因型之间存在适度的变异性，证实了本研究的最初假设。