Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants (N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples needs to be investigated.

幻觉体验可以发生在临床组和非临床组中。然而，在以前对一般人群的研究中，对幻觉体验背后的认知机制的研究产生了不一致的结果。我们进行了一项大规模预先注册的多站点研究，其中普通人群参与者（N= 1,394 跨 11 个数据收集站点和在线）完成了对幻觉体验的评估、对不良童年经历的测量和四项任务：源记忆、双歧听、后向数字跨度和听觉信号检测。我们发现，幻觉体验与信号检测任务的较高误报率和更多报告的不良童年经历相关，但与所采用的任何其他认知措施无关。这些发现是提高幻觉研究可重复性的重要一步，并表明需要研究一些关于临床样本认知的发现的可重复性。