ABSTRACT

The role of coastal blue carbon ecosystems in climate mitigation and adaptation efforts has been recognized. Blue carbon ecosystem functionality is one component of coastal nature-based or green–gray infrastructure multifunctionality, which includes contributions by nature to disaster risk reduction, infrastructure resilience, erosion control, land formation, and other ecosystem services. Here we review how green infrastructure and nature-based solutions in coastal and shallow nearshore areas can contribute to blue climate change mitigation and adaptation. We then summarize available coastal infrastructure types (green, gray, and green–gray hybrid) in terms of their inherent functions and potential co-benefits. We discuss technologies for integrating gray and green infrastructure and producing hybrid infrastructure to promote implementation of measures for both climate change and infrastructure development, although the best infrastructure type is dependent on the risks of a given time and locality. Collaboration among engineers, scientists, and economists who are interested in climate change or infrastructure and in emerging fields such as blue carbon and green infrastructure are needed to further enhance the implementation of multifunctional infrastructure, but the multifunctionality benefits should be quantified and monetized.

摘要

沿海蓝碳生态系统在减缓和适应气候变化工作中的作用已得到认可。蓝碳生态系统功能是沿海自然或绿灰色基础设施多功能性的一个组成部分，其中包括自然对减少灾害风险、基础设施恢复力、侵蚀控制、土地形成和其他生态系统服务的贡献。在这里，我们回顾了沿海和浅海近岸地区的绿色基础设施和基于自然的解决方案如何有助于减缓和适应蓝色气候变化。然后，我们根据其固有功能和潜在的协同效益总结了可用的沿海基础设施类型（绿色、灰色和绿色-灰色混合）。我们讨论了整合灰色和绿色基础设施以及生产混合基础设施的技术，以促进气候变化和基础设施发展措施的实施，尽管最佳基础设施类型取决于特定时间和地点的风险。需要对气候变化或基础设施以及蓝碳和绿色基础设施等新兴领域感兴趣的工程师、科学家和经济学家之间进行合作，以进一步加强多功能基础设施的实施，但应将多功能性收益量化和货币化。