We have adapted the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Science Pipelines to process data from the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) prototype. In this paper, we describe how we used the LSST Science Pipelines to conduct forced photometry measurements on nightly GOTO data. By comparing the photometry measurements of sources taken on multiple nights, we find that the precision of our photometry is typically better than 20 mmag for sources brighter than 16 mag. We also compare our photometry measurements against colour-corrected Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System photometry and find that the two agree to within 10 mmag (1 $\sigma$ ) for bright (i.e., $\sim 14{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ) sources to 200 mmag for faint (i.e., $\sim 18{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ) sources. Additionally, we compare our results to those obtained by GOTO’s own in-house pipeline, gotophoto, and obtain similar results. Based on repeatability measurements, we measure a $5\sigma$ L-band survey depth of between 19 and 20 magnitudes, depending on observing conditions. We assess, using repeated observations of non-varying standard Sloan Digital Sky Survey stars, the accuracy of our uncertainties, which we find are typically overestimated by roughly a factor of two for bright sources (i.e., $< 15{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ), but slightly underestimated (by roughly a factor of 1.25) for fainter sources ( $> 17{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ). Finally, we present lightcurves for a selection of variable sources and compare them to those obtained with the Zwicky Transient Factory and GAIA. Despite the LSST Software Pipelines still undergoing active development, our results show that they are already delivering robust forced photometry measurements from GOTO data.

中文翻译：

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使用 Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines II 处理 GOTO 测量数据：强制光度测量和光曲线

我们已经调整了 Vera C. Rubin 天文台遗留空间和时间调查 (LSST) 科学管道，以处理来自引力波光学瞬态观测器 (GOTO) 原型的数据。在本文中，我们描述了如何使用 LSST 科学管道对夜间 GOTO 数据进行强制光度测量。通过比较在多个晚上拍摄的光源的测光测量结果，我们发现对于亮度高于 16 mag 的光源，我们的测光精度通常优于 20 mmag。我们还将我们的测光测量与颜色校正的全景测量望远镜和快速响应系统测光进行比较，发现两者在 10 mmag (1 $\sigma$ ）为明亮（即， $\sim 14{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ) 源到 200 毫米微弱（即， $\sim 18{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ) 来源。此外，我们将我们的结果与 GOTO 自己的内部管道获得的结果进行比较，去照片，并得到类似的结果。基于重复性测量，我们测量了一个 $5\sigma$ 大号根据观测条件，19 到 20 等的波段测量深度。我们使用对不变的标准斯隆数字巡天恒星的重复观测来评估我们的不确定性的准确性，我们发现对于明亮的源（即， $< 15{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ )，但对于较暗的来源 ( $> 17{\rm th} \mathrm{mag}$ ）。最后，我们展示了选择可变光源的光曲线，并将它们与使用 Zwicky Transient Factory 和 GAIA 获得的光曲线进行比较。尽管 LSST 软件管道仍在积极开发中，但我们的结果表明它们已经从 GOTO 数据中提供了强大的强制光度测量。