Naming difficulty is a common symptom of multiple age-related neurodegenerative disorders. As naming difficulty increases with age, valid, up-to-date naming assessment tools are crucial for differentiating between neurotypical changes in healthy aging and pathological naming difficulty. We aimed to develop and provide normative data for complementary auditory description naming and visual naming tests for older adults. Furthermore, these measures would include not only untimed accuracy, typically the sole naming performance measure, but also additional scores that incorporate features characteristic of actual word finding difficulty.

A normative sample of 407 healthy older adults, aged 56–100 years, were administered the Auditory Naming Test (ANT) and Visual Naming Test (VNT), and other standardized measures.

Item analyses resulted in 36 stimuli for both tests. Age-stratified, education-based normative data are provided for accuracy, response time, tip-of-the-tongue (i.e., delayed, yet accurate responses plus correct responses following phonemic cueing), and multiple Summary Scores. Internal and test–retest reliability coefficients were reasonable (.59–.84). Untimed accuracy scores were high across age groups, seemingly reflecting stability of naming into late adulthood; however, time- and cue-based scores revealed reduced efficiency in word retrieval with increasing age.

These complementary auditory and visual naming test for older adults improve upon the current standard by providing more sensitive performance measures and the addition of an auditory–verbal component for assessing naming. Detection of subtle naming changes in healthy aging holds promise for capturing symptomatic naming changes during the early stages of neurocognitive disorders involving expressive language, potentially assisting in earlier diagnoses and more timely treatment.

命名困难是多种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的常见症状。由于命名难度随着年龄的增长而增加，有效的、最新的命名评估工具对于区分健康衰老中的神经典型变化和病理性命名困难至关重要。我们的目标是为老年人的补充听觉描述命名和视觉命名测试开发并提供规范数据。此外，这些衡量标准不仅包括不定时的准确性（通常是唯一的命名性能衡量标准），还包括包含实际单词查找难度特征的附加分数。

对 407 名年龄在 56-100 岁的健康老年人进行规范样本测试，进行听觉命名测试 (ANT) 和视觉命名测试 (VNT) 以及其他标准化测量。

项目分析得出两项测试的 36 种刺激。提供了按年龄分层、基于教育的规范数据，包括准确性、响应时间、舌尖（即，延迟但准确的响应加上音素提示后的正确响应）和多个汇总分数。内部和重测可靠性系数是合理的 (0.59–0.84)。各个年龄段的不定时准确度得分都很高，这似乎反映了成年晚期命名的稳定性；然而，基于时间和线索的分数显示，随着年龄的增长，单词检索的效率降低。

这些针对老年人的补充性听觉和视觉命名测试通过提供更敏感的表现测量并添加用于评估命名的听觉-语言成分，改进了当前标准。检测健康衰老过程中细微的命名变化有望捕获涉及表达性语言的神经认知障碍早期阶段的症状命名变化，可能有助于早期诊断和更及时的治疗。