To assess the impact of renal transplantation on peripheral nerve damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fifteen patients with CKD (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m²) underwent longitudinal assessment after renal transplantation (age: 56.88 ± 2.53 years, eGFR: 46.82 ± 4.86) and were compared with 15 age-matched controls (age: 58.25 ± 2.18 years, eGFR: 86.0 ± 2.0). The neuropathy symptom profile (NSP), neuropathy disability score (NDS), vibration perception threshold (VPT), cold and warm sensation threshold (CST and WST), cold and heat induced pain (CIP and HIP), deep breathing heart rate variability (DB-HRV), nerve conduction studies and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to quantify small nerve fibre pathology, were undertaken within 1-month of renal transplantation (baseline) and at 6, 12 and 24 months of follow up. There was no significant difference in NSP (P = .1), NDS (P = .3), VPT (P = .6), CST (P = .2), CIP (P = .08), HIP (P = .1), DB-HRV (P = .9) and sural (P = .4) and peroneal (P = .1) nerve amplitude between patients with CKD and controls at baseline. However, sural (P = .04), peroneal (P = .002) and tibial (P = .007) nerve conduction velocity and tibial nerve amplitude (P = .03) were significantly lower, WST (P = .02) was significantly higher and corneal nerve fibre density (P = .004) was significantly lower in patients with CKD compared with controls. There was no significant change in NSP, NDS, quantitative sensory testing, DB-HRV, nerve conduction or CCM parameters 24 months after renal transplantation. There is evidence of small and large fibre neuropathy in patients with CKD, but no change up to 24 months after successful renal transplantation.

中文翻译：

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没有证据表明终末期肾病患者肾移植后神经病变有所改善

评估肾移植对慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 患者周围神经损伤的影响。15 名 CKD 患者（eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m ²) 接受肾移植后的纵向评估（年龄：56.88 ± 2.53 岁，eGFR：46.82 ± 4.86）并与 15 名年龄匹配的对照（年龄：58.25 ± 2.18 岁，eGFR：86.0 ± 2.0）进行比较。神经病症状概况（NSP）、神经病残疾评分（NDS）、振动感知阈值（VPT）、冷热感觉阈值（CST和WST）、冷热诱发疼痛（CIP和HIP）、深呼吸心率变异性（ DB-HRV)、神经传导研究和角膜共聚焦显微镜 (CCM) 以量化小神经纤维病理学，在肾移植后 1 个月内（​​基线）和随访 6、12 和 24 个月进行。NSP ( P  = .1)、NDS ( P  = .3)、VPT ( P  = .6)、CST ( P = .2)、CIP ( P  = .08)、HIP ( P  = .1)、DB-HRV ( P  = .9) 和腓肠 ( P  = .4) 和腓骨 ( P  = .1) 患者之间的神经幅度CKD 和基线对照。然而，腓肠神经（P  = .04）、腓骨（P  = .002）和胫骨（P  = .007）神经传导速度和胫神经振幅（P  = .03）显着降低，WST（P  = .02）显着降低。显着升高和角膜神经纤维密度（P = .004) 在 CKD 患者中显着低于对照组。肾移植后 24 个月 NSP、NDS、定量感觉测试、DB-HRV、神经传导或 CCM 参数无显着变化。有证据表明 CKD 患者存在大小纤维神经病变，但在肾移植成功后 24 个月内没有变化。