Abstract

Preparation, characterization and applications of a novel polyurethane based superhydrophobic and superoleophilic absorbent were studied for the purpose of oil-spill cleanup or water-oil/organic solvent separation. Porous superhydrophobic polyurethane foam was synthesized, followed by a one-step reaction to incorporate copper oxide nanoparticles (nano CuO) and n-hexadecylamine (HDA) onto the surface framework of the polyurethane foam with the aids of oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine. The morphology, thermal stability, and surface wettability of the modified polyurethane foam were characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and water contact angle instrumentation. The water contact angle and water sliding angle of the foam up to 153° and 6° respectively, indicating that the modified polyurethane foam had good superhydrophobicity. It was demonstrated that the absorption capacity of the foam for oils/organic solvents was up to 45 times its own weight. The oils/organic solvents absorbed in the foam could be easily recovered by simply pressing, and an oil absorption capacity of higher than 90% was retained after 50 cycles of usage. This study provided a feasible strategy for the preparation of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic foams for water-oil/organic solvent separation.

摘要

研究了一种新型聚氨酯基超疏水和超亲油吸收剂的制备、表征和应用，以清除溢油或水-油/有机溶剂分离。合成了多孔超疏水聚氨酯泡沫，然后通过多巴胺的氧化自聚合将氧化铜纳米颗粒（纳米 CuO）和正十六烷胺（HDA）结合到聚氨酯泡沫的表面骨架上。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、热重法和水接触角仪器对改性聚氨酯泡沫的形貌、热稳定性和表面润湿性进行了表征。泡沫的水接触角和水滑角分别达到153°和6°，表明改性聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的超疏水性。结果表明，泡沫对油/有机溶剂的吸收能力高达其自身重量的45倍。泡沫中吸收的油/有机溶剂可通过简单的压制轻松回收，使用50次循环后仍保持90%以上的吸油量。该研究为制备用于水-油/有机溶剂分离的超疏水和超亲油泡沫提供了可行的策略。使用50次循环后吸油量保持在90%以上。该研究为制备用于水-油/有机溶剂分离的超疏水和超亲油泡沫提供了可行的策略。使用50次循环后吸油量保持在90%以上。该研究为制备用于水-油/有机溶剂分离的超疏水和超亲油泡沫提供了可行的策略。