Rationale

Emotion recognition is impaired in drug addiction. However, research examining the effects of cocaine use on emotion recognition yield mixed evidence with contradictory results potentially reflecting varying abstinence durations.

Objectives

Therefore, we investigated emotion recognition and its neural correlates in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) parsed according to abstinence duration.

Methods

Emotion recognition performance was compared between current cocaine users (CUD + , n = 28; cocaine-positive urine), short-term abstainers (CUD-ST, n = 23; abstinence < 6 months), long-term abstainers (CUD-LT, n = 20; abstinence ≥ 6 months), and controls (n = 45). A sample subset (n = 73) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging to quantify regional gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel-based morphometry.

Results

CUD + demonstrated greater difficulty recognizing happiness than CUD-ST and controls, and sadness and fear compared to controls (p < 0.01). For fear, CUD-ST also performed worse than controls (p < 0.01), while no differences emerged between CUD-LT and controls. Whole-brain analysis revealed lower GMV in the bilateral cerebellum in CUD + compared to CUD-LT and controls; a similar pattern was observed in the amygdala (CUD + < CUD-LT) (p_FWE < 0.01). Collapsed across all participants, poorer recognition for happiness was associated with lower right cerebellar GMV (p_FWE < 0.05).

Conclusions

Emotion recognition is impaired with current cocaine use, and selective deficits (in fear) may persist with up to 6 months of abstinence. Lower cerebellar GMV may underlie deficits in positive emotion recognition. Interventions targeting emotional-social-cognitive deficits, especially among active users, may enhance treatment success for individuals with CUD.

中文翻译：

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可卡因使用障碍患者的情绪识别：禁欲时间和社交脑网络的作用

基本原理

药物成瘾会导致情绪识别受损。然而，检查可卡因使用对情绪识别的影响的研究产生了混合证据和相互矛盾的结果，可能反映出不同的戒断持续时间。

目标

因此，我们调查了情绪识别及其在可卡因使用障碍 (CUD) 患者中的神经相关性，根据戒断持续时间进行分析。

方法

比较当前可卡因使用者（CUD + ，n  = 28；可卡因阳性尿液）、短期戒断者（CUD-ST，n  = 23；戒断 < 6 个月）、长期戒断者（CUD-LT）之间的情绪识别表现, n  = 20；禁欲 ≥ 6 个月）和对照组（n  = 45）。样本子集 ( n  = 73) 接受了结构磁共振成像，以使用基于体素的形态测量法量化区域灰质体积 (GMV)。

结果

CUD + 比 CUD-ST 和对照组更难识别快乐，比对照组更难识别悲伤和恐惧 ( p  < 0.01)。由于恐惧，CUD-ST 的表现也比对照组差 ( p  < 0.01)，而 CUD-LT 和对照组之间没有差异。全脑分析显示，与 CUD-LT 和对照组相比，CUD + 双侧小脑的 GMV 较低​​；在杏仁核中观察到类似的模式 (CUD + < CUD-LT) (p _FWE  < 0.01)。所有参与者都崩溃了，对幸福的较差认知与右小脑 GMV 相关（p _FWE  < 0.05）。

结论

当前使用可卡因会导致情绪识别受损，选择性缺陷（恐惧）可能会持续长达 6 个月的禁欲。较低的小脑 GMV 可能是积极情绪识别缺陷的基础。针对情绪-社会-认知缺陷的干预措施，尤其是在活跃用户中，可能会提高 CUD 患者的治疗成功率。