Semiconductor photocatalysis is a potential pathway to solve the problems of global energy shortage and environmental pollution. Black phosphorus (BP) has been widely used in the field of photocatalysis owing to its features of high hole mobility, adjustable bandgap, and wide optical absorption range. Nevertheless, pristine BP still exhibits unsatisfactory photocatalytic activity due to the low separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers. In recent years, the construction of heterostructured photocatalysts based on BP has become a research hotspot in photocatalysis with the remarkable improvement of photoexcited charge-separation efficiency. Herein, progress on the design, synthesis, properties, and applications of BP and its corresponding heterostructured photocatalysts is summarized. Furthermore, the photocatalytic applications of BP-based heterostructured photocatalysts in water splitting, pollutant degradation, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, bacterial disinfection, and organic synthesis are reviewed. Opportunities and challenges for the exploration of advanced BP-based heterostructured photocatalysts are presented. This review will promote the development and applications of BP-based heterostructured photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation.

半导体光催化是解决全球能源短缺和环境污染问题的潜在途径。黑磷（BP）具有空穴迁移率高、带隙可调、光吸收范围宽等特点，在光催化领域得到了广泛的应用。尽管如此，由于光生电荷载流子的分离效率低，原始 BP 仍然表现出令人不满意的光催化活性。近年来，随着光激发电荷分离效率的显着提高，基于BP的异质结构光催化剂的构建已成为光催化领域的研究热点。在此，总结了 BP 及其相应异质结构光催化剂的设计、合成、性能和应用方面的进展。此外，综述了基于BP的异质结构光催化剂在水分解、污染物降解、二氧化碳还原、固氮、细菌消毒和有机合成中的光催化应用。介绍了探索先进的基于 BP 的异质结构光催化剂的机遇和挑战。该综述将促进基于BP的异质结构光催化剂在能量转换和环境修复中的发展和应用。