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Beyond trauma: Decolonizing understandings of loss and healing in the Indian Residential School system of Canada
Journal of Social Issues ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-05 , DOI: 10.1111/josi.12455
Rachel L. Burrage 1 , Sandra L. Momper 2 , Joseph P. Gone 3, 4
Affiliation  

Indigenous scholars and others who study the experiences of Indigenous communities have long criticized the psychocentric approach to trauma held by most clinical professionals. A recent example of this was the Canadian government's reparations for Indian Residential School system (IRS) survivors, which focused largely on individual psychological harms rather than broader effects of colonial oppression. Beginning in 1867 and continuing throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, Indigenous children were routinely removed from their home communities in Canada and placed into the IRS system, where they were frequently subject to physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Using thematic analysis, this study draws on survivor testimonies from one residential school to explore how their descriptions of the effects and healing from IRS abuses differ from psychocentric understandings of trauma and loss. Results indicate that survivors describe IRS effects in sociocentric, ecocentric, and cosmocentric terms more so than psychocentric ones and place deep importance on healing through connection to family, culture, and community. To decolonize itself as a discipline and better serve Indigenous communities, the field of psychology must open up to understandings of trauma, loss, and healing that decentralize the individual, a difficult task given the discipline's psychocentric nature.

中文翻译:

超越创伤:加拿大印第安寄宿学校系统对损失和康复的非殖民化理解

土著学者和其他研究土著社区经历的人长期以来一直批评大多数临床专业人员对创伤采取的心理中心方法。最近的一个例子是加拿大政府对印度寄宿学校系统 (IRS) 幸存者的赔偿,该赔偿主要关注个人心理伤害,而不是殖民压迫的更广泛影响。从 1867 年开始,一直持续到 20 世纪下半叶,土著儿童经常被从他们在加拿大的家乡社区带走,并被安置在 IRS 系统中,在那里他们经常受到身体、心理和性虐待。使用主题分析,本研究利用一所寄宿学校的幸存者证词,探讨他们对 IRS 虐待的影响和康复的描述与以心理为中心的对创伤和损失的理解有何不同。结果表明,幸存者用社会中心、生态中心和宇宙中心的术语来描述 IRS 的影响比以心理为中心的术语更多,并且非常重视通过与家庭、文化和社区的联系来进行治疗。为了将自己作为一门学科去殖民化并更好地为原住民社区服务,心理学领域必须开放对创伤、损失和康复的理解,这些都是分散个体的,鉴于该学科的心理中心性质,这是一项艰巨的任务。和以宇宙为中心的术语比以心理为中心的术语更重要,并且非常重视通过与家庭、文化和社区的联系来进行治疗。为了将自己作为一门学科去殖民化并更好地为原住民社区服务,心理学领域必须开放对创伤、损失和康复的理解,这些都是分散个体的,鉴于该学科的心理中心性质,这是一项艰巨的任务。和以宇宙为中心的术语比以心理为中心的术语更重要,并且非常重视通过与家庭、文化和社区的联系来进行治疗。为了将自己作为一门学科去殖民化并更好地为原住民社区服务,心理学领域必须开放对创伤、损失和康复的理解,这些都是分散个体的,鉴于该学科的心理中心性质,这是一项艰巨的任务。
更新日期:2021-06-05
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