The roller linear motion guide (RLMG) is a key transmission component in heavy-load mechanical systems, and its internal non-uniform load distribution and stiffness greatly affect the stability of mechanical systems. To determine the accurate non-uniform load distribution and stiffness of the RLMG, a new approach is proposed by considering the variations of the contact angle, roller-raceway contact state, and energy loss. The variations of the contact angle are calculated by considering the initial contact angle, preload, and block flexibility. The non-uniform load distribution of each roller is studied under various roller-raceway contact states. The energy loss is calculated according to the sliding friction between contact surfaces under the loading process. Then, a new stiffness matrix is developed by modifying the energy balance equations, which are iteratively solved using the artificial bee colony algorithm. The variations of the contact angle, non-uniform load distribution, energy loss, and stiffness with external load and preload are discussed. The proposed approach is compared with other models and published experimental results. The comparison results demonstrated that the proposed approach is more precise than the other models.

滚柱直线导轨（RLMG）是重载机械系统中的关键传动部件，其内部不均匀的载荷分布和刚度极大地影响了机械系统的稳定性。为了确定 RLMG 的精确非均匀载荷分布和刚度，通过考虑接触角、滚子-滚道接触状态和能量损失的变化，提出了一种新方法。接触角的变化是通过考虑初始接触角、预紧力和块体柔韧性来计算的。研究了在各种滚子-滚道接触状态下每个滚子的非均匀载荷分布。能量损失是根据加载过程中接触面之间的滑动摩擦来计算的。然后，通过修改能量平衡方程来开发新的刚度矩阵，使用人工蜂群算法迭代求解。讨论了接触角、非均匀载荷分布、能量损失和刚度随外部载荷和预载荷的变化。所提出的方法与其他模型和已发表的实验结果进行了比较。比较结果表明，所提出的方法比其他模型更精确。