In this paper, we discuss how emotional messages sent during crisis events shape the communication patterns on Twitter. To this end, we analyzed a data-set consisting of 23.3 million tweets that have been sent during eighteen different crisis events in ten different countries. In particular, we use the novel concept of emotion-exchange motifs to uncover the elementary building blocks of complex emotion-exchange networks. Our results show that not all negative emotions are exchanged in the same way, nor do they result in the same communication structures. For example, we found that there is a specific set of emotions which are sent in response to messages including sadness and disgust (e.g., sadness attracts joy/love, while disgust attracts anger). The exchange of fear, on the other hand, is highly representative for its reciprocity and is highly associated with an information seeking behavior. We also found that the expression of positivity is characteristic for the emergence of a cyclic triad communication pattern. In contrast, the exchange of negative emotions is characteristic for a triadic communication structure that not only shows a broadcasting behavior but also reciprocity. Compared to single-emotion exchanges within a triadic pattern, the exchange of a mixture of emotions leads to more complex communication structures.

在本文中，我们讨论了在危机事件期间发送的情感信息如何塑造 Twitter 上的沟通模式。为此，我们分析了一个由 2330 万条推文组成的数据集，这些推文是在 10 个不同国家的 18 次不同危机事件中发送的。特别是，我们使用情感交换主题的新概念来揭示复杂情感交换网络的基本构建块。我们的结果表明，不所有的负面情绪都以相同的方式交流，它们也不会导致相同的交流结构。例如，我们发现有一组特定的情绪是为了响应包括悲伤和厌恶在内的消息而发送的（例如，悲伤吸引喜悦/爱，而厌恶吸引愤怒）。另一方面，恐惧的交换是其互惠性的高度代表，并且与信息寻求行为高度相关。我们还发现，积极的表达是循环三合会交流模式出现的特征。相比之下，负面情绪的交流是三元沟通结构的特征，不仅表现出传播行为，而且表现出互惠。与三元模式中的单一情绪交流相比，