Prediction of effective elastic and strength parameters of both regular and irregular masonry walls from homogenization is presented. To that end, the widely accepted first order homogenization method is adopted to provide the homogenized elastic stiffnesses or compliances as well as macroscopic parameters of the selected nonlinear constitutive models. These include the tensile and compressive strength and fracture energies of a generally orthotropic material extracted from the computationally derived macroscopic stress strain curves. In this regard, two types of boundary/loading conditions resulting from the strain-based and mix type formulation of the homogenization problem are examined. The response provided by an orthotropic damage model, expected to describe the behavior of the homogenized structure on macroscale, is compared to that derived via a classical isotropic scalar damage model. It reveals that strong constraints of the orthotropic damage model offer results inapplicable for estimating the macroscopic fracture properties thus promoting the application of a simple isotropic damage model when solving the homogenization problem. The results also show that the mixed boundary conditions, allowing us to represent a pure tension/compression loading mode while being capable of tracking the softening branch of the stress–strain curve, deliver the response comparable to that of a purely strain-based formulation.

提出了通过均质化预测规则和不规则砌体墙的有效弹性和强度参数。为此，采用广泛接受的一阶均匀化方法来提供所选非线性本构模型的均匀弹性刚度或柔量以及宏观参数。这些包括从计算得出的宏观应力应变曲线中提取的一般正交各向异性材料的拉伸和压缩强度以及断裂能。在这方面，研究了由均质化问题的基于应变和混合类型公式产生的两种类型的边界/载荷条件。正交各向异性损伤模型提供的响应，预期在宏观尺度上描述均质结构的行为，与通过经典各向同性标量损伤模型得出的结果进行比较。这表明正交各向异性损伤模型的强约束提供了不适用于估计宏观断裂特性的结果，从而促进了在解决均匀化问题时应用简单的各向同性损伤模型。结果还表明，混合边界条件允许我们表示纯拉伸/压缩加载模式，同时能够跟踪应力-应变曲线的软化分支，提供与纯基于应变的公式相当的响应。这表明正交各向异性损伤模型的强约束提供了不适用于估计宏观断裂特性的结果，从而促进了在解决均匀化问题时应用简单的各向同性损伤模型。结果还表明，混合边界条件允许我们表示纯拉伸/压缩加载模式，同时能够跟踪应力-应变曲线的软化分支，提供与纯基于应变的公式相当的响应。这表明正交各向异性损伤模型的强约束提供了不适用于估计宏观断裂特性的结果，从而促进了在解决均匀化问题时应用简单的各向同性损伤模型。结果还表明，混合边界条件允许我们表示纯拉伸/压缩加载模式，同时能够跟踪应力-应变曲线的软化分支，提供与纯基于应变的公式相当的响应。