The Roman presence in high mountainous areas has traditionally been considered marginal, but recent archaeological studies in several European regions have reshaped our understanding of the occupation and exploitation of these regions. Archaeological research conducted in the Cerdanya valley shows this to be the case in the eastern Pyrenees. The discovery and excavation of several indigenous settlements have allowed us to document an earlier and more intensive Roman presence there, attested by military activity and the exploitation of the area's resources. The site of Tossal de Baltarga (Lleida), where a group of Roman seal-rings was recovered, offers a window into this situation.

中文翻译：

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在东比利牛斯山脉发现的三个罗马共和印章戒指及其意义

罗马人在高山地区的存在传统上被认为是边缘地带，但最近在几个欧洲地区的考古研究重塑了我们对这些地区的占领和开发的理解。在 Cerdanya 山谷进行的考古研究表明，东比利牛斯山脉就是这种情况。几个土著定居点的发现和挖掘使我们能够记录早期和更密集的罗马人在那里的存在，军事活动和对该地区资源的开发证明了这一点。Tossal de Baltarga (Lleida) 遗址发现了一组罗马密封圈，为了解这种情况提供了一个窗口。