In Operating Rooms (OR), the transport of Colony-Forming Units (CFU) can generate surgical site infections in patients and, as a consequence, CFU must be properly evacuated from the surgical site. Moreover, Fine Particles (FP) and UltraFine Particles (UFP) can be generated during surgeries by cutting and cauterizing surgical tools, with consequent effects on the health of patients and medical staff. Therefore, indoor air quality, comfort and safety conditions in OR must take into account CFU, FP and UFP concentrations.

Due to the importance of the topic, the authors have carried out a review of the experimental, numerical and experimental-numerical combined works available in the literature, that analyse generation, diffusion and deposition of CFU, FP and UFP in ORs. Numerical studies have been majorly focused on the simulation of CFU using computational fluid dynamics, in order to model the motion inside ORs and the evaluation of factors that influence it. Experimental studies mainly deal with the analysis of particles and CFU motion and deposition. Based on the present analysis, it appears that more research effort is needed to analyse FP and UFP in ORs. Technical standards and national laws have been reviewed in order to analyse the constraints commonly used in the design and operation of ORs and ventilation systems, such as to find the technical aspects that are not yet properly considered.

在手术室 (OR) 中，菌落形成单位 (CFU) 的运输可能会导致患者的手术部位感染，因此，必须从手术部位正确疏散 CFU。此外，手术过程中通过切割和烧灼手术工具会产生细颗粒 (FP) 和超细颗粒 (UFP)，从而对患者和医务人员的健康产生影响。因此，OR 的室内空气质量、舒适度和安全条件必须考虑 CFU、FP 和 UFP 浓度。

由于该主题的重要性，作者对文献中可用的实验、数值和实验-数值组合工作进行了回顾，这些工作分析了 OR 中 CFU、FP 和 UFP 的生成、扩散和沉积。数值研究主要集中在使用计算流体动力学模拟 CFU，以便对 OR 内部的运动进行建模并评估影响它的因素。实验研究主要涉及颗粒和CFU运动和沉积的分析。根据目前的分析，似乎需要更多的研究工作来分析 OR 中的 FP 和 UFP。审查了技术标准和国家法律，以分析手术室和通风系统的设计和操作中常用的限制条件，