The present paper is the first comparative study on the astroglia of several actinopterygian species at different phylogenetical positions, teleosts (16 species), and non-teleosts (3 species), based on the immunohistochemical staining of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), the characteristic cytoskeletal intermediary filament protein, and immunohistochemical marker of astroglia. The question was, how the astroglial architecture reflexes the high diversity of this largest vertebrate group. The actinopterygian telencephalon has a so-called ‘eversive’ development in contrast to the ‘evagination’ found in sarcopterygii (including tetrapods). Several brain parts either have no equivalents in tetrapod vertebrates (e.g. torus longitudinalis, lobus inferior, lobus nervi vagi), or have rather different shapes (e.g. the cerebellum). GFAP was visualized applying DAKO polyclonal anti-GFAP serum. The study was focussed mainly on the telencephalon (eversion), tectum (visual orientation), and cerebellum (motor coordination) where the evolutionary changes were most expected, but the other areas were also investigated. The predominant astroglial elements were tanycytes (long, thin, fiber-like cells). In the teleost telencephala a ’fan-shape’ re-arrangement of radial glia reflects the eversion. In bichir, starlet, and gar, in which the eversion is less pronounced, the ‘fan-shape’ re-arrangement did not form. In the tectum the radial glial processes were immunostained, but in Ostariophysi and Euteleostei it did not extend into their deep segments. In the cerebellum Bergmann-like glia was found in each group, including non-teleosts, except for Cyprinidae. The vagal lobe was uniquely enlarged and layered in Cyprininae, and had a corresponding layered astroglial system, which left almost free of GFAP the zones of sensory and motor neurons. In conclusion, despite the diversity and evolutionary alterations of Actinopterygii brains, the diversity of the astroglial architecture is moderate. In contrast to Chondrichthyes and Amniotes; in Actinopterygii true astrocytes (stellate-shaped extraependymal cells) did not appear during evolution, and the GFAP-free areas are very limited.

中文翻译：

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GFAP 免疫组织化学显示，放线菌的星形胶质系统中的进化修饰是中等的

本论文是基于 GFAP（胶质纤维酸性蛋白）的免疫组织化学染色，对几种不同系统发育位置的放线鱼类，硬骨鱼类（16 种）和非硬骨鱼类（3 种）的星形胶质细胞的比较研究。特征性细胞骨架中间丝蛋白和星形胶质细胞的免疫组织化学标志物。问题是，星形胶质细胞结构如何反映这个最大脊椎动物群的高度多样性。与在 sarcopterygii（包括四足动物）中发现的“外翻”形成对比，放线目端脑具有所谓的“外翻”发育。一些大脑部分在四足脊椎动物中没有对应物（例如纵环、下叶、迷走神经叶），或者具有相当不同的形状（例如小脑）。使用 DAKO 多克隆抗 GFAP 血清可视化 GFAP。该研究主要集中在端脑（外翻）、顶盖（视觉方向）和小脑（运动协调）上，这些地方最容易发生进化变化，但也对其他区域进行了调查。占主导地位的星形胶质细胞成分是 tanycytes（细长的纤维状细胞）。在硬骨鱼端脑中，径向胶质细胞的“扇形”重新排列反映了外翻。在外翻不太明显的 bichir、starlet 和 gar 中，没有形成“扇形”重新排列。在顶盖中，放射状胶质突起被免疫染色，但在 Ostariophysi 和 Euteleostei 中，它没有延伸到它们的深部。在小脑中，除鲤科动物外，每组都发现了类伯格曼胶质细胞，包括非硬骨鱼。迷走神经叶在 Cyprininae 中独特地扩大和分层，并具有相应的分层星形胶质系统，几乎没有 GFAP 的感觉和运动神经元区域。总之，尽管 Actinopterygii 大脑的多样性和进化改变，星形胶质细胞结构的多样性是中等的。与软骨鱼类和羊膜动物相反；在 Actinopterygii 中，真正的星形胶质细胞（星状室管膜外细胞）在进化过程中没有出现，并且不含 GFAP 的区域非常有限。与软骨鱼类和羊膜动物相反；在 Actinopterygii 中，真正的星形胶质细胞（星状室管膜外细胞）在进化过程中没有出现，并且不含 GFAP 的区域非常有限。与软骨鱼类和羊膜动物相反；在 Actinopterygii 中，真正的星形胶质细胞（星状室管膜外细胞）在进化过程中没有出现，并且不含 GFAP 的区域非常有限。