Smart contracts are a key component of today’s blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored.

中文翻译：

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具有法律效力的智能合约语言

智能合约是当今区块链的关键组成部分。它们对于控制去中心化自治组织 (DAO) 至关重要。但是，智能合约尚不具有法律约束力或可执行性；这使得企业很难采用 DAO 范式。因此，本研究审查了现有的智能合约语言 (SCL)，并确定了对任何未来 SCL 起草具有法律约束力的合同至关重要的属性。这是通过对 2015 年至 2019 年间发表的白色和灰色文献进行系统文献回顾 (SLR) 来实现的。使用 SLR 方法，选择了 45 项选定研究和 28 项支持研究，详细介绍了 45 项最先进的 SCL。最后，发现了 10 个支持合法 DAO 的 SCL 属性，并探索了开发 SCL 的规范。