Biopolymer-based particles may be prepared using a soft-template method. Surfactants are among the most popular soft templates, but synthetic surfactants may be toxic or hazardous for humans and the environment. In this research, for the first time, natural surfactants were used to prepare spherical and doughnut-like particles. Two different powder types were prepared with the use of kraft lignin and natural extracts, which were derived from Saponaria officinalis L. and soap nuts of the Sapindus mukorossi tree, which contain saponins as surface active agents. A detailed characterization of the synthesized bio-based spheres was made with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, dispersion analysis (PSD, PdI), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, determination of porous structure parameters (low-temperature N₂ sorption), elemental analysis (EA) and thermal stability analysis (TGA/DTG). Moreover, their sorption abilities with respect to pharmaceutically active cetirizine dihydrochloride (as reference compound) was tested. The adsorption efficiency around 90% for both materials was observed at pH 6.2 with the concentration of 10 mg/L of an active compound. Moreover, the equilibrium was reached after 240 min and it was concluded, that material prepared with the use of Sapindus mukorossi extract is a more efficient sorbent. The use of natural precursors may reduce environmental hazards and unnecessary waste, and the prepared particles may find future applications as novel eco-friendly materials, for example as adsorbents of harmful substances and in enzyme immobilization.

可以使用软模板方法制备基于生物聚合物的颗粒。表面活性剂是最受欢迎的软模板之一，但合成表面活性剂可能对人类和环境有毒或有害。在这项研究中，首次使用天然表面活性剂制备球形和甜甜圈状颗粒。两种不同类型的粉末，用使用牛皮纸木质素和天然提取物，将其衍生自制备肥皂草的的L.和肥皂坚果无患子树，其中含有皂苷作为表面活性剂。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 图像、色散分析 (PSD、PdI)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、测定多孔结构参数（低温N ₂吸附)、元素分析 (EA) 和热稳定性分析 (TGA/DTG)。此外，测试了它们对药物活性西替利嗪二盐酸盐（作为参考化合物）的吸附能力。在 pH 6.2 和 10 mg/L 的活性化合物浓度下观察到两种材料的吸附效率约为 90%。此外，在 240 分钟后达到平衡并得出结论，使用无患子提取物制备的材料是更有效的吸附剂。使用天然前体可以减少对环境的危害和不必要的浪费，并且制备的颗粒可以作为新型环保材料在未来得到应用，例如作为有害物质的吸附剂和酶的固定化。