Shimizu Ikutarō (1907–1988) is one of the most controversial postwar Japanese intellectuals. His transition from the icon of the Anpo protests to an advocate of a nuclear Japan has been considered an intellectual conversion (tenkō). Instead of revisiting the notion of conversion, this study shows that his wartime thoughts—bottom-up nationalism in particular—continued to influence Shimizu’s postwar writings and activism on both conservative and liberal sides. Shimizu delineated his historical concept of how ordinary people in Meiji and Taisho Japan had contributed to the development of a modern society and called for the construction of a new system. Endorsing Japan’s wartime efforts, Shimizu strove to center nationalist energies by ordinary Japanese on his concept of a new Japan. However, Shimizu’s adherence to bottom-up movements in wartime and postwar Japan reflects his problematic interpretation of Japanese history. Neglecting Japan’s nationalistic path to colonial violence, his writings on the society and culture of wartime and postwar Japan affirm grass-root nationalism as Japan’s key to modern development. This line of thinking was later associated with anti-American nationalist movements in the 1950s. His notion of civil society movements soon encountered a highly nationalistic project of a nuclear Japan in the 1970s.

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清水生太郎与进步主义与保守主义的不稳定共存

清水生太郎（1907-1988）是日本战后最具争议的知识分子之一。他从安波抗议的偶像转变为拥护日本核武的人被认为是一种思想转变（tenkō）。这项研究没有重新审视皈依的概念，而是表明他的战时思想——尤其是自下而上的民族主义——继续影响着清水的战后著作和保守派和自由派的激进主义。清水描绘了他关于日本明治和大正的普通人如何为现代社会的发展做出贡献的历史概念，并呼吁建立一个新的制度。清水支持日本的战时努力，努力将普通日本人的民族主义能量集中在他的新日本概念上。然而，清水在战时和战后日本坚持自下而上的运动反映了他对日本历史的有问题的解释。他忽视了日本走向殖民暴力的民族主义道路，他关于战时和战后日本的社会和文化的著作肯定了草根民族主义是日本现代发展的关键。这种思路后来与 1950 年代的反美民族主义运动联系在一起。他的公民社会运动概念很快在 1970 年代遇到了一个高度民族主义的日本核计划。这种思路后来与 1950 年代的反美民族主义运动联系在一起。他的公民社会运动概念很快在 1970 年代遇到了一个高度民族主义的日本核计划。这种思路后来与 1950 年代的反美民族主义运动联系在一起。他的公民社会运动概念很快在 1970 年代遇到了一个高度民族主义的日本核计划。