Artificial finger joint design has been developed through different stages through the past. PIP (proximal interphalangeal) and MCP (metacarpophalangeal) artificial finger joints have come to replace the amputation and arthrodesis options; although, these artificial joints are still facing challenges related to reactive tissues, reduced range of motion, and flexion and extension deficits. Swanson silicone artificial finger joints are still common due to the physician’s preferability of silicone with the dorsal approach during operation. Nevertheless, other artificial finger joints such as the pyrocarbon implant arthroplasty have also drawn the interests of practitioners. Artificial finger joint has been classified under three major categories which are constrained, unconstrained, and linked design. There are also challenges such as concerns of infections and articular cartilage necrosis associated with attempted retention of vascularity. In addition, one of the main challenges facing the silicone artificial finger joints is the fracture occurring at the distal stem with the hinge. The aim of this paper is to review the different artificial finger joints in one paper as there are few old review papers about them. Further studies need to be done to develop the design and materials of the pyrocarbon and silicone implants to increase the range of motion associated with them and the fatigue life of the silicone implants.

中文翻译：

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硅胶和热碳人工指关节

人工指关节设计在过去经历了不同的发展阶段。PIP（近端指间）和 MCP（掌指）人工手指关节已取代截肢和关节固定术；尽管如此，这些人工关节仍然面临着与反应性组织、运动范围减小以及屈曲和伸展缺陷相关的挑战。由于医生在手术过程中更喜欢使用硅胶进行背侧入路，因此 Swanson 硅胶人工手指关节仍然很常见。尽管如此，其他人工手指关节，例如热解碳植入关节成形术，也引起了从业者的兴趣。人工指关节可分为受约束、无约束和联动设计三大类。还存在一些挑战，例如与尝试保留血管相关的感染和关节软骨坏死的担忧。此外，硅胶人工手指关节面临的主要挑战之一是铰链远端柄部发生断裂。本文的目的是在一篇论文中回顾不同的人工指关节，因为关于它们的旧评论论文很少。需要进行进一步的研究来开发热解碳和硅胶植入物的设计和材料，以增加与之相关的运动范围和硅胶植入物的疲劳寿命。