Reviewed by:

• Material culture and consumption in the early modern era ed. by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke
• Reinhold Reith (bio)

Materielle Kultur und Konsum in der Frühen Neuzeit [Material culture and consumption in the early modern era] Edited by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. Pp. 298.

This collection of papers, originating from the working group Material Culture and Consumption in Premodernity, focuses on the cultural history of things, in other words, an inquiry into material culture of early modern times. The study of objects in society is currently en vogue, the editor contends, and the gap between the research fields of material culture (seen from the cultural perspective) and consumption (from that of economics) is closing. The introduction to the volume provides a survey of the principal approaches taken by research and ends with the question of whether it is possible to attach a specific characteristic material culture, or a distinctive signature, to the early modern era—one that leaves behind the prevalent historical narratives of modernization. The editor outlines consumer demand for non-European goods from the Americas and Asia, and in examining a look at objects of everyday life, asks whether research has succumbed to the lure of luxury.

The contributions to this volume are divided into five promising—albeit rather vague—pairs of concepts. Under "materials and makes," Andrea Caracausi's article examines one early-modern European commodity: silk ribbon and its production, trade, and consumption in Italy. In the article that she contributed to the collection, Julia A. Schmidt-Funke chooses a museum artefact, a painted faïence jug, which she evaluates as a hybrid artefact owing to the European borrowings of Asian motifs and as a unique serial piece with an identification of the manufacturer.

Under the conceptual pair "forms of consumption and manners of usage," Elizabeth Harding writes on "spoon cultures," focusing on the instrumental and symbolic use of a piece of cutlery. Janine Maegraith reconstructs meat consumption within two different contexts and periods, referring [End Page 595] to a telling diary from the Thirty Years War. Under "aptitudes and demands" Caroline Cremer shows that "miniaturizations," the artful reduction of life to small scale with tiny objects, were both a fascination and a challenge. Filigree models and miniature paintings required concentration and body control, not only in their making but also in their reception. Christiane Holm devotes her attention to the drug table in the educational Francke Foundations at Halle. Her object history focuses not on the collection (the ergon) but on the collection repository (the parergon), which furnishes concrete situations for perception and cognition.

Within "relations and motions," Michael Wenzel treats the biography of an object, a carved onyx Mantuan anointment vial, with an extensive documentary trace of its long odyssey as a work of art from Mantua within the context of war and plunderage.

Under "knowledge and perceptions," Berit Wagner discusses Titian's Death of Actaeon from the point of view of art history, offering an alchemical interpretation of the work, which he views as evidence of the "material turn" of sixteenth-century painting. Finally, Kim Siebenhüner shows how astonishment and knowledge about foreign wares led to systematization of knowledge and the development of merchandise studies.

Altogether, this volume presents a variety of topics, some of which break from the volume's aim, choosing instructive analysis of individual objects over systemic comparison. Important older studies and disciplines such as object-oriented ethnology, or "Sachvolkskunde," are not reviewed. Although the main interest of ethnology continues to lie in modernity, the papers on the treatment of things are inspiring—for example, the studies by Edit Fél and Tamás Hofer on "Sachuniversum," the universe of objects, and their reuse and further exploitation, as is characteristic of the early modern era. Despite the volume's call for interdisciplinarity, approaches in the history of technology are barely received. Having long since abandoned its fixation on manufacturing and production, the history of technology now draws things, objects, products, and...

审核人：

• 近代早期的物质文化和消费编辑。作者：Julia A. Schmidt-Funke
• 莱因霍尔德·瑞思（生物）

Materielle Kultur und Konsum in der Frühen Neuzeit [近代早期的物质文化和消费] Julia A. Schmidt-Funke 编辑。维也纳：Böhlau Verlag，2019 年。Pp。298.

这本论文集来自前现代物质文化与消费工作组，重点关注事物的文化历史，换句话说，是对近代早期物质文化的探究。编辑认为，目前对社会对象的研究很流行，物质文化（从文化角度看）和消费（从经济学角度看）研究领域之间的差距正在缩小。本书的导言概述了研究采用的主要方法，并以是否有可能将特定的物质文化或独特的标志附加到早期现代时代的问题结束——一个留下了普遍存在的时代现代化的历史叙事。

对本卷的贡献分为五个有前途的——尽管相当模糊——概念对。在“材料和制造”下，Andrea Caracausi 的文章考察了一种早期现代欧洲商品：丝带及其在意大利的生产、贸易和消费。在她为该系列贡献的文章中，Julia A. Schmidt-Funke 选择了一件博物馆手工艺品，一个彩绘陶罐，由于欧洲借用了亚洲图案，她将其评估为混合手工艺品，并作为具有标识的独特系列作品制造商的。

在概念对“消费形式和使用方式”下，伊丽莎白·哈丁 (Elizabeth Harding) 写了“勺子文化”，重点关注餐具的工具性和象征性使用。Janine Maegraith 重建了两种不同背景和时期内的肉类消费，参考[End Page 595]到三十年战争的一个有说服力的日记。在“能力和要求”下，Caroline Cremer 表明“微型化”，即用微小的物体巧妙地将生命缩小到小规模，既是一种迷恋，也是一种挑战。花丝模型和微型画需要集中注意力和控制身体，不仅在制作过程中，而且在接收过程中。克里斯蒂安·霍尔姆 (Christiane Holm) 将注意力集中在哈雷教育性弗兰克基金会的药物表上。她的对象历史关注的不是收藏（ergon），而是收藏库（parergon），它为感知和认知提供了具体的情境。

在“关系和运动”中，迈克尔·温泽尔 (Michael Wenzel) 处理了一件物品的传记，一个雕刻的缟玛瑙曼图恩膏药瓶，并对其作为曼图亚战争和掠夺背景下的艺术品的漫长旅程进行了广泛的记录追踪。

在“知识与感知”下，贝里特·瓦格纳从艺术史的角度讨论了提香的《阿克泰翁之死》，对作品进行了炼金术式的解释，他认为这是十六世纪绘画“物质转向”的证据。最后，Kim Siebenhüner 展示了对外国商品的惊讶和了解如何导致知识的系统化和商品研究的发展。

总之，本卷提出了各种主题，其中一些主题违背了本卷的目标，选择了对个别对象的指导性分析而不是系统比较。重要的旧研究和学科，如面向对象的民族学，或“Sachvolkskunde”，没有被审查。尽管民族学的主要兴趣仍然在于现代性，但关于事物处理的论文是鼓舞人心的——例如，Edit Fél 和 Tamás Hofer 对“Sachuniversum”、物体的宇宙及其再利用和进一步开发的研究，这是近代早期的特征。尽管该卷呼吁跨学科，但几乎没有人接受技术史上的方法。早已放弃对制造和生产的执着，现在的技术史描绘了事物，