In this study, 3D flower-like MnO₂ and Fe–MnO₂ nanoparticles were developed using a co-perception method. In the doping manner, the concentration of Fe was raised from 0.025 M to 0.125 M in levels of 0.025 M. The prepared electrocatalysts were calcined at 500 ^°C. Different analytical techniques, particularly XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, FTIR, TGA/DTA, CV, ICP-OES, BET, and LSV were utilized to analyze the structure, morphology, optical, thermal, and electrochemical activity of 3D flower-like MnO₂ and Fe–MnO₂ nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed the phase change from ε to λ and the phase of MnO₂ and the crystallite sizes of un-doped MnO₂ and Fe–MnO₂ were between 1.18 and 2.25 nm. Morphological examinations indicated that pure MnO₂ and Fe-doped MnO₂ have spherical-like flake-flower and agglomerated nanoparticle architectures, respectively. The BET surface area of 0.125 M Fe–MnO₂ nanoparticles is 288.2 m²g^-1. The bandgap energies of MnO₂, 0.05 M Fe-doped MnO₂, and 0.125 M Fe-doped MnO₂ nanoparticles were determined to be 0.57 eV, 0.18 eV, and 0.14 eV, respectively as evident from UV–Vis. The presence of M − O bonds (M = Mn, Fe) was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The doped MnO₂ electrocatalyst shows improved thermal properties owing to the doping effect of iron. The results of CV and LSV measurements reveal that the Fe–MnO₂ nanoparticles have an excellent catalytic performance toward the ORR under 0.1 M KOH alkaline conditions.

在这项研究中，使用共同感知方法开发了3D 花状 MnO ₂和 Fe-MnO ₂纳米粒子。在掺杂方式中，Fe 的浓度从 0.025 M 提高到 0.125 M，水平为 0.025 M。制备的电催化剂在 500 ^° C下煅烧 。不同的分析技术，特别是 XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、FTIR、TGA/ DTA、CV、ICP-OES、BET 和 LSV 被用来分析 3D 花状 MnO ₂和 Fe-MnO ₂纳米粒子的结构、形态、光学、热和电化学活性。XRD分析表明从ε到λ的相变以及MnO ₂的相和未掺杂的MnO ₂的微晶尺寸和 Fe-MnO ₂介于 1.18 和 2.25 nm 之间。形态学检查表明纯MnO ₂和Fe掺杂的MnO _{2 分别}具有球形片状花和团聚纳米颗粒结构。0.125 M Fe-MnO ₂纳米颗粒的BET表面积为288.2 m ² g ^-1。MnO ₂、0.05 M Fe 掺杂的MnO ₂和0.125 M Fe 掺杂的MnO ₂纳米粒子的带隙能量分别测定为0.57 eV、0.18 eV 和0.14 eV，从UV-Vis 可见。M - O 键 (M = Mn, Fe) 的存在通过 FTIR 光谱分析。掺杂的MnO ₂由于铁的掺杂作用，电催化剂显示出改善的热性能。CV 和 LSV 测量结果表明，Fe-MnO ₂纳米颗粒在 0.1 M KOH 碱性条件下对 ORR 具有优异的催化性能。