Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that may selectively inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in insects. Although fipronil is the most widely used insecticide in aquatic environments, few studies have evaluated its neurotoxicity for the sensory and motor systems of aquatic vertebrates. We assessed the effects of acute fipronil exposure on the survival rate, number of hair cells of lateral lines, and neurotoxicity for zebrafish (Danio rerio). In addition, heat maps and the speed and distance of the swimming trajectory were compared between zebrafish subjected to the sham and fipronil treatments. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted separately to compare expressions of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurotoxicity related proteins in the brain tissue between adult zebrafish with sham and fipronil treatments. Our results indicated that the survival rates and the speed and distance of the swimming trajectory significantly decreased for adult zebrafish exposed to fipronil. The results also suggested that the number of hair cells of lateral lines significantly reduced for zebrafish embryos exposed to fipronil. In histopathology and Western blotting tests, substantial oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were observed in the brain tissue of adult zebrafish exposed to fipronil. Our results revealed that fipronil toxicity may impair sensory and motor systems in zebrafish because of damage to lateral hair cells and brain tissue through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which in turn result in a significantly reduced survival rate and impaired locomotion. The behavioral responses of zebrafish exposed to fipronil toxicity should be determined for better understanding the reliability of behavioral biomarkers in the risk assessment of environmental toxicology.

氟虫腈是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂，可选择性抑制昆虫体内的γ-氨基丁酸受体。尽管氟虫腈是水生环境中使用最广泛的杀虫剂，但很少有研究评估其对水生脊椎动物的感觉和运动系统的神经毒性。我们评估了急性氟虫腈暴露对斑马鱼的存活率、侧线毛细胞数量和神经毒性的影响（Danio rerio）。此外，还比较了接受假手术和氟虫腈处理的斑马鱼的热图以及游泳轨迹的速度和距离。分别进行蛋白质印迹和免疫组织化学，以比较假手术和氟虫腈处理成年斑马鱼脑组织中氧化应激、炎症、细胞凋亡和神经毒性相关蛋白的表达。我们的结果表明，暴露于氟虫腈的成年斑马鱼的存活率以及游泳轨迹的速度和距离显着降低。结果还表明，暴露于氟虫腈的斑马鱼胚胎的侧线毛细胞数量显着减少。在组织病理学和蛋白质印迹试验中，大量的氧化应激、炎症、在暴露于氟虫腈的成年斑马鱼的脑组织中观察到细胞凋亡。我们的研究结果表明，氟虫腈毒性可能会损害斑马鱼的感觉和运动系统，因为氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡对侧毛细胞和脑组织造成损害，进而导致存活率显着降低和运动受损。应确定暴露于氟虫腈毒性的斑马鱼的行为反应，以更好地了解行为生物标志物在环境毒理学风险评估中的可靠性。这反过来导致存活率显着降低和运动受损。应确定暴露于氟虫腈毒性的斑马鱼的行为反应，以更好地了解行为生物标志物在环境毒理学风险评估中的可靠性。这反过来导致存活率显着降低和运动受损。应确定暴露于氟虫腈毒性的斑马鱼的行为反应，以更好地了解行为生物标志物在环境毒理学风险评估中的可靠性。