Intracellular parasites play an important role in human infectious diseases. Pathogenic bacteria of four genera (Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia) have developed similar strategies for intracellular multiplication and dissemination inside tissues and organs: these bacteria destroy the phagosome to multiply in the cytoplasm and spread from cell to cell without leaving the intracellular space. For intracellular and intercellular movement, these bacteria use convergently developed mechanisms that control the synthesis of actin microfilaments, which are elements of the host cell’s cytoskeleton. The review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying polymerization of actin microfilaments on the surface of bacteria and bacterial spreading from cell to cell. It also discusses the causes of development of the mechanisms of movement with the involvement of actin microfilaments and the potential of proteins providing intracellular and intercellular movement as a target for developing new antimicrobial agents.

细胞内寄生虫在人类传染病中起着重要作用。四种病原菌（志贺氏菌属、李斯特菌属、立克次氏菌属和伯克霍尔德氏菌属）) 已经开发出类似的策略用于组织和器官内的细胞内增殖和传播：这些细菌破坏吞噬体在细胞质中繁殖，并在不离开细胞内空间的情况下从细胞传播到细胞。对于细胞内和细胞间运动，这些细菌使用集中发展的机制来控制肌动蛋白微丝的合成，肌动蛋白微丝是宿主细胞细胞骨架的元素。该综述讨论了细菌表面肌动蛋白微丝聚合和细菌从细胞扩散到细胞的分子机制。