In this work, Er/Al/Ge co-doped silica glasses with different GeO₂ content (0–3 mol%), as well as Ge/Al co-doped silica glasses, are prepared by combining the sol–gel and high-temperature sintering methods. Further, the effects of the GeO₂ content on the absorptions and emissions properties, and lifetimes of the glasses before and after 1KGy γ-ray irradiation are compared. The Er/Al/Ge co-doped silica fibers are prepared from a preform produced via modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) combined with nano sol-doping. The effects of Ge co-doping on the optical loss and amplifier gain of the Er-doped silica fibers (EDFs) before and after irradiation are also investigated. The related mechanism and species of the γ-ray radiation-induced color centers are revealed via radiation-induced-absorption (RIA) and continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) spectroscopies. The results revealed that co-doping with GeO₂ considerably improves the radiation resistance of the glass and exerts a slight effect on the spectral properties of the Er/Al/Ge co-doped silica glasses before irradiation. The RIA and CW-EPR spectra revealed that the aluminum–oxygen hole center (AlOHC) defects reduce with increasing GeO₂ content because the intermediaries, the Ge-related oxygen-deficient centers (GeODC(I) and GeODC(II)), exhibit stronger abilities to trap the holes compared with the [AlO_4/2]⁻ group. This reduces the RIA level in the visible and near-infrared regions of the Er/Al/Ge co-doped silica glass. The irradiation experiment on the fiber further confirmed that the radiation resistance of EDFs can be considerably improved by Ge co-doping.

中文翻译：

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GeO ₂含量对Er ³⁺掺杂石英玻璃和光纤耐辐射性能的影响

在这项工作中，通过将溶胶-凝胶和高浓度相结合制备了具有不同 GeO ₂含量（0-3 mol%）的Er/Al/Ge 共掺杂石英玻璃以及 Ge/Al 共掺杂石英玻璃。高温烧结法。此外，GeO ₂的影响比较了玻璃在 1KGy γ 射线辐照前后的吸收和发射特性以及寿命。Er/Al/Ge 共掺杂石英光纤是由通过改进的化学气相沉积 (MCVD) 结合纳米溶胶掺杂生产的预制件制备的。还研究了Ge共掺杂对辐照前后掺铒石英光纤（EDF）的光损耗和放大器增益的影响。通过辐射诱导吸收（RIA）和连续波电子顺磁共振（CW-EPR）光谱揭示了γ射线辐射诱导色心的相关机制和种类。结果表明，与GeO ₂共掺杂显着提高了玻璃的耐辐射性，并对辐照前 Er/Al/Ge 共掺杂石英玻璃的光谱特性产生了轻微影响。RIA 和 CW-EPR 光谱显示铝氧空穴中心 (AlOHC) 缺陷随着 GeO ₂含量的增加而减少，因为中间体 Ge 相关的缺氧中心（GeODC(I) 和 GeODC(II)）表现出与[AlO _4/2 ] ^-组相比，捕获空穴的能力更强。这降低了 Er/Al/Ge 共掺杂石英玻璃的可见光和近红外区域的 RIA 水平。对光纤的辐照实验进一步证实，Ge共掺杂可以显着提高EDF的抗辐照性能。