The Netherlands’ field genebank collection of European wild apple (Malus sylvestris), consisting of 115 accessions, was studied in order to determine whether duplicates and mistakes had been introduced, and to develop a strategy to optimize the planting design of the collection as a seed orchard. We used the apple 20K Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, developed in M. domestica, for the first time for genotyping in M. sylvestris. We could readily detect the clonal copies and unexpected duplicates. Thirty-two M. sylvestris accessions (29%) showed a close genetic relationship (parent-child, full-sib, or half-sib) to another accession, which reflects the small effective population size of the in situ populations. Traces of introgression from M. domestica were only found in 7 individuals. This indicates that pollination preferentially took place among the M. sylvestris trees. We conclude that the collection can be considered as mainly pure M. sylvestris accessions. The results imply that it should be managed as one unit when used for seed production. A bias in allele frequencies in the seeds may be prevented by not harvesting all accessions with a close genetic relationship to the others in the seed orchard. We discuss the value of using the SNP array to elaborate the M. sylvestris genetic resources more in depth, including for phasing the markers in a subset of the accessions, as a first step towards genetic resources management at the level of haplotypes.

研究了荷兰的欧洲野苹果 ( Malus sylvestris )田间种质库收集品，由 115 个种质组成，以确定是否引入了重复和错误，并制定了优化收集作为种子的种植设计的策略果园。我们使用苹果20K的Infinium单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列，在开发家蝇，首次用于基因分型M.樟子松。我们可以很容易地检测到克隆副本和意外重复。三十二樟子松种质 (29%) 与另一个种质显示出密切的遗传关系（亲子、全同胞或半同胞），这反映了原地种群的有效种群规模较小。从渗入的痕迹家蝇在7个个人才被发现。这表明授粉优先发生在M. sylvestris树中。我们得出结论，该集合可以被视为主要是纯M. sylvestris种质。结果表明，当用于种子生产时，应将其作为一个单元进行管理。种子中等位基因频率的偏差可以通过不收获与种子园中其他种质具有密切遗传关系的所有种质来防止。我们讨论了使用 SNP 阵列来阐述M. sylvestris遗传资源更深入，包括在一个种质子集中对标记进行分阶段，作为在单倍型水平上进行遗传资源管理的第一步。