In attempting to predict the impact of major ecological or climatic change on livelihoods, insights can be gained by looking at communities who experience extreme seasonal or annual variation. Here, we compare the ecology, economy, and social network of a community of traditional fishers in the Brazilian Pantanal between the dry season and the flood season in which their wetland ecosystem is transformed. Using data derived from satellite imaging we show that during the flood season of 2019 the total amount of open water accessible to fishers more than doubled and led to drastic qualitative changes. We show that although fishers adapted to this extreme seasonality by changing where, how, and what they fish between seasons, the structure of the social network in our study community did not differ. We argue that strong networks are especially important in social-ecological systems with extreme seasonal changes. More generally, we suggest that case studies of seasonal adaptation such as ours can contribute to a broader understanding of how communities may be able to successfully adapt to novel social-ecological changes.

中文翻译：

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社会生态系统的恢复力：剧烈的季节性变化与巴西潘塔纳尔湿地渔民的经济灵活性有关，但与社会灵活性无关

在试图预测主要生态或气候变化对生计的影响时，可以通过观察经历极端季节性或年度变化的社区来获得洞察力。在这里，我们比较了巴西潘塔纳尔湿地传统渔民社区在旱季和汛期之间的生态、经济和社会网络，在此期间，他们的湿地生态系统发生了变化。我们使用卫星成像数据表明，在 2019 年汛期，渔民可利用的开放水域总量增加了一倍多，并导致了剧烈的质变。我们表明，尽管渔民通过改变季节之间的捕鱼地点、方式和种类来适应这种极端的季节性，但我们研究社区中的社交网络结构并没有什么不同。我们认为，强大的网络在具有极端季节性变化的社会生态系统中尤为重要。更一般地说，我们建议像我们这样的季节性适应案例研究有助于更广泛地了解社区如何能够成功地适应新的社会生态变化。