In this article, we examine two types of item nonresponse in a face-to-face population survey: ‘don’t know’ (DK) and ‘item refusal’ (REF). Based on the cognitive model of survey response, the theory of survey satisficing and previous research, we derive explanatory variables on three levels: question, respondent and interviewer characteristics. The results of our cross-classified model show that while the two levels question and respondents’ characteristics affected both types of item nonresponse, interviewer characteristics affected only DK answers. Our results also confirm that DK and REF are substantially different item nonresponse types resulting from distinguishable disruptions of the cognitive response process. Since most results are in line with prior theoretical predictions, they suggest that survey practitioners are well-advised by continuing to follow the large body of practical guidance derived from the theories tested here.

中文翻译：

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问题、受访者和访调员特征对两种类型的项目不回答的影响

在本文中，我们在面对面的人口调查中检查了两种类型的项目不答复：“不知道”（DK）和“项目拒绝”（REF）。基于调查响应的认知模型、调查满意理论和前人的研究，我们推导出三个层次的解释变量：问题、受访者和访问者特征。我们的交叉分类模型的结果表明，虽然两级问题和受访者的特征影响了两种类型的项目不回答，但采访者的特征仅影响了 DK 答案。我们的结果还证实，DK 和 REF 是由可区分的认知反应过程中断导致的完全不同的项目无反应类型。由于大多数结果与先前的理论预测一致，