Abstract

For a long time, studies of the distribution of living beings in a geographical space were performed only with empirical methods. A change in the view of a species distribution as a projection of a Hutchinsonian ecological niche led to the formation of the discipline of ecological modeling of the species distribution, which switched faunistics/floristics from data accumulation to a full-fledged scientific industry with experiment planning and result verification. The various methods of species-distribution modeling make it possible to analyze the patterns of the geographical distributional of organisms in the presence of methodological challenges: nonrandomness of the occurrence data, inhomogeneity of the collection efforts, landscape heterogeneity in different scales, etc. The results of species-distribution modeling represent spatially continuous data of habitat suitability and are valuable not only for studies of the habitats themselves but also for a number of disciplines that involve species distributions.

中文翻译：

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物种分布建模：其应用的优势和局限性。1. 一般方法

摘要

长期以来，对生物在地理空间中的分布的研究，都是用经验的方法进行的。作为哈钦森生态位投影的物种分布观点的变化导致了物种分布生态建模学科的形成，这将动物学/植物学从数据积累转变为具有实验计划的成熟科学产业和结果验证。物种分布建模的各种方法使得在存在方法学挑战的情况下分析生物的地理分布模式成为可能：发生数据的非随机性、收集工作的不均匀性、不同尺度的景观异质性等。